A cerium oxide nanoparticle whose surface is covered with a vinyl polymer has a heterocyclic amine skeleton such as piperazine, pyridine, imidazole, or carbazole or with a polyamide having a heterocyclic amine skeleton such as piperazine, pyridine, imidazole, or carbazole; and a decomposition method of a nucleic acid or a polypeptide by using the cerium oxide nanoparticle.

A cerium oxide nanoparticle whose surface is covered with a vinyl polymer has a heterocyclic amine skeleton such as piperazine, pyridine, imidazole, or carbazole or with a polyamide having a heterocyclic amine skeleton such as piperazine, pyridine, imidazole, or carbazole; and a decomposition method of a nucleic acid or a polypeptide by using the cerium oxide nanoparticle.

The present invention relates to polypiperidine compounds of polymeric type which are capable of conferring to the polymeric materials, particularly to polyolefins, a high stability against photodegradation and oxidative action of air, belong to the HALS category and have general formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein p is from 3 to 20; n is from 2 to 12; R and R.sub.1, which are the same or different, are selected in the group consisting of hydrogen, linear and branched C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl groups, alkenyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and aralkyl groups having 7 to 19 carbon atoms; X and X.sub.1, which are the same or different, are selected in the group consisting oxygen and groups of formula (II) ##STR00002## wherein R.sub.2 is selected in the group consisting of hydrogen, linear and branched C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups having 5 to 12 carbon atoms and aralkyl groups having 7 to 12 carbon atoms; A represents a —(CH.sub.2).sub.a— group wherein a is from 2 to 12, with the proviso that a is different from n; Z is selected in the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl groups, groups of formula (III) ##STR00003## wherein n, X, X.sub.1, R and R.sub.1 are as above defined, and groups of formula (IV) ##STR00004## wherein R is as above defined; Y represents a substituent selected in the group consisting of the groups of general formula (V) ##STR00005## the groups O—R.sub.4 and S—R.sub.4, wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen, a linear and branched C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl group, a cycloakyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or may form, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are linked, a heterocycle containing 5 to 7 carbon atoms; and the piperidine group (VI) ##STR00006## wherein R and X are as above defined. The invention further relates to the processes for preparation of the compounds according to the invention.

The present invention relates to polypiperidine compounds of polymeric type which are capable of conferring to the polymeric materials, particularly to polyolefins, a high stability against photodegradation and oxidative action of air, belong to the HALS category and have general formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein p is from 3 to 20; n is from 2 to 12; R and R.sub.1, which are the same or different, are selected in the group consisting of hydrogen, linear and branched C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl groups, alkenyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and aralkyl groups having 7 to 19 carbon atoms; X and X.sub.1, which are the same or different, are selected in the group consisting oxygen and groups of formula (II) ##STR00002## wherein R.sub.2 is selected in the group consisting of hydrogen, linear and branched C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups having 5 to 12 carbon atoms and aralkyl groups having 7 to 12 carbon atoms; A represents a —(CH.sub.2).sub.a— group wherein a is from 2 to 12, with the proviso that a is different from n; Z is selected in the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl groups, groups of formula (III) ##STR00003## wherein n, X, X.sub.1, R and R.sub.1 are as above defined, and groups of formula (IV) ##STR00004## wherein R is as above defined; Y represents a substituent selected in the group consisting of the groups of general formula (V) ##STR00005## the groups O—R.sub.4 and S—R.sub.4, wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen, a linear and branched C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl group, a cycloakyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or may form, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are linked, a heterocycle containing 5 to 7 carbon atoms; and the piperidine group (VI) ##STR00006## wherein R and X are as above defined. The invention further relates to the processes for preparation of the compounds according to the invention.

The present invention relates to increasing longevity of the nitrogen content of soil through improved liquid delivery formulations of nitrification inhibitors. The liquid formulation can also be comprised of nitrification inhibitors and optionally urease inhibitors that are blended solutions of each. The nitrification inhibitors are present in a mixture that comprises both a protic and an aprotic solvent system. The novel formulations are designed to be applied to fertilizers, especially urea and manure based fertilizers. The delivery formulations provide an environmentally sound and inherently safe solvating system that improves the storage stability of the urease inhibitors by utilizing liquid organic non-water containing solvents, maintains the nitrification inhibitors in solution to storage temperatures of at least 10° C., and provides improved application to fertilizer of nitrification inhibitors. These delivery formulations enable safe storage, transport and subsequent application or blending with urea-based or manure-based fertilizers that can be applied to soil in either a liquid or granular form to provide improved nitrogen retention in the soil for uptake for plant life.

The present invention relates to increasing longevity of the nitrogen content of soil through improved liquid delivery formulations of nitrification inhibitors. The liquid formulation can also be comprised of nitrification inhibitors and optionally urease inhibitors that are blended solutions of each. The nitrification inhibitors are present in a mixture that comprises both a protic and an aprotic solvent system. The novel formulations are designed to be applied to fertilizers, especially urea and manure based fertilizers. The delivery formulations provide an environmentally sound and inherently safe solvating system that improves the storage stability of the urease inhibitors by utilizing liquid organic non-water containing solvents, maintains the nitrification inhibitors in solution to storage temperatures of at least 10° C., and provides improved application to fertilizer of nitrification inhibitors. These delivery formulations enable safe storage, transport and subsequent application or blending with urea-based or manure-based fertilizers that can be applied to soil in either a liquid or granular form to provide improved nitrogen retention in the soil for uptake for plant life.

Stabilizer compositions for stabilizing materials against degradation due to thermal and ultraviolet light exposure are disclosed herein. In some instances, the stabilizer compositions include an ortho-hydroxyl tris-aryl-s-triazine compound; a hindered amine light stabilizer compound; a hindered hydroxybenzoate compound; a phosphite compound, an acid scavenger and/or thioester; and a hindered phenol antioxidant compound.

Stabilizer compositions for stabilizing materials against degradation due to thermal and ultraviolet light exposure are disclosed herein. In some instances, the stabilizer compositions include an ortho-hydroxyl tris-aryl-s-triazine compound; a hindered amine light stabilizer compound; a hindered hydroxybenzoate compound; a phosphite compound, an acid scavenger and/or thioester; and a hindered phenol antioxidant compound.

Corrosion induced by the presence of naphthenic acids in hydrocarbon fluids, particularly where such fluids are at elevated temperatures, may be inhibited or controlled through use of corrosion inhibiting compositions comprising a combination of a minor portion of a phosphorus-based constituent and a major portion of a sulfur-based constituent, nitrogen-based constituent, or combination thereof. In another embodiment the sulfur-based constituent and/or nitrogen-based constituent may be used without any phosphorus-based constituent. Where the compounds are appropriately selected, the compositions may inhibit corrosion to a degree comparable or nearly comparable to the inhibition provided by an equal amount of some conventional phosphorus-based compounds alone, but are significantly less likely to impair catalyst activity in downstream cracking and refinery operations.

Corrosion induced by the presence of naphthenic acids in hydrocarbon fluids, particularly where such fluids are at elevated temperatures, may be inhibited or controlled through use of corrosion inhibiting compositions comprising a combination of a minor portion of a phosphorus-based constituent and a major portion of a sulfur-based constituent, nitrogen-based constituent, or combination thereof. In another embodiment the sulfur-based constituent and/or nitrogen-based constituent may be used without any phosphorus-based constituent. Where the compounds are appropriately selected, the compositions may inhibit corrosion to a degree comparable or nearly comparable to the inhibition provided by an equal amount of some conventional phosphorus-based compounds alone, but are significantly less likely to impair catalyst activity in downstream cracking and refinery operations.