The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, preferably having a nematic phase and dielectric anisotropy of 0.5 or more, which comprises one or more compounds of formula Y ##STR00001##
in which the parameters have the meanings given in the text,
to the use thereof in an electro-optical display, particularly in an active-matrix display based on the IPS or FFS effect, to displays of this type which contain a liquid-crystalline medium of this type, and to the use of the compounds of formula Y for the improvement of the transmission and/or response times of a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises one or more additional mesogenic compounds.

A liquid crystal polymer film, and a composite film of liquid crystal polymer and polyimide and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The liquid crystal polymer film includes 63 wt % to 74 wt % of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 21 wt % to 26 wt % of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, and 5 wt % to 11 wt % of p-hydroxycinnamic acid. The composite film is manufactured by thermocompressing a single layer or multi layers of liquid crystal polymer film and polyimide film so that the composite film can have high flatness and the surface roughness Sa of the composite film is ranging from 0.1 m to 10 m. In the production process of the composite film, the composite film is rolled up and attached to a copper foil to form a high frequency substrate with good processability. After peeling the polyimide film, the liquid crystal polymer film can be thermocompressed to form a four-layered, six-layered, eight-layered or eight-layered high frequency substrate.

Liquid crystal molecules are described with desirably reduced attenuation in portions of the long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectrum. The molecules include a linear hydrocarbon of varying length (C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1, where n, for example, is from 4-7), a deuterated phenyl core comprising 2 or 3 rings, and one terminal cyano group. These enable electro-optic such as light modulators, phased arrays, polarization gratings, refractive steerers, and the like, operable at LWIR.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) medium comprising a terphenyl compound and at least two polymerizable compounds, to a process for its preparation, to its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in an LC display of the polymer sustained alignment (PSA) type, and to an LC display, especially a PSA display, comprising it.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) medium comprising a terphenyl compound and at least two polymerizable compounds, to a process for its preparation, to its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in an LC display of the polymer sustained alignment (PSA) type, and to an LC display, especially a PSA display, comprising it.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide: elements, in particular, a display element and an optical element, which are obtained by controlling orientation of liquid crystals in a liquid crystal bulk without using a liquid crystal orientation film; and/or a photoreactive liquid crystal composition for manufacturing the elements. The present invention provides: a photoreactive liquid crystal composition comprising (A) a photoreactive polymer liquid crystal which includes a photoreactive side chain in which at least one type of reaction selected from the group consisting of (A-1) photocrosslinking and (A-2) photoisomerization occurs, and (B) a low molecular weight liquid crystal; and an optical element or display element which is formed having a liquid crystal cell including the composition.

A liquid crystal cell in which antenna units are arranged includes a TFT substrate, a slot substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The TFT substrate includes a first dielectric substrate, TFTs supported by the first dielectric substrate and patch electrodes electrically connected to the TFTs, and a first alignment film covering a groove part between the adjacent patch electrodes. The slot substrate includes a second dielectric substrate, a slot electrode including slots and supported by the second dielectric substrate, and a second alignment film covering the slot electrode. The liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the TFT substrate and the slot substrate. The liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal material having a lower limit temperature of a nematic phase of the liquid crystal material of 32 C. or lower and an upper limit temperature of the nematic phase of the liquid crystal material of 110 C. or higher.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) medium comprising polymerisable compounds, to a process for its preparation, to its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, and to LC displays comprising it.

A photoreactive liquid crystal composition containing (A) a photoreactive polymer liquid crystal which includes a photoreactive side chain in which at least one type of reaction selected from (A-1) photocrosslinking and (A-2) photoisomerization occurs, and (B) a low molecular weight liquid crystal. An optical element or display element is formed having a liquid crystal cell including the photoreactive liquid crystal composition.

There is provided a liquid crystal composition which has favorable characteristics and excellent characteristic balance as a material for an element used for phase control of an electromagnetic wave signal with a frequency of 1 MHz to 400 THz. A liquid crystal composition which contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by Formula (1), and is used for phase control of an electromagnetic wave signal with a frequency of 1 MHz to 400 THz:

##STR00001##