A display device according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a first insulation substrate; a pixel electrode disposed on the first insulation substrate; a first alignment layer disposed on the pixel electrode; a second insulation substrate facing the first insulation substrate; a common electrode disposed on the second insulation substrate; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second insulation substrates. The liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules and nanoparticles, and the nanoparticles are disposed adjacent to the common electrode.

Liquid crystal compositions comprising a crude liquid crystal sample containing ions and polyamide particles are disclosed. Upon separation of the polyamide particles from the crude liquid crystal sample, a purified liquid crystal sample is produced, which shows a 1-2 reduction in ion concentration. Methods for carrying out purification processes are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a device for high-frequency technology, or for the microwave region and millimeter wave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, characterized in that it contains a liquid-crystal medium which consists of one or more compounds, which one or more compounds, which contain 6 to 15 five-, six- or seven-membered rings, preferably 1,4-linked phenylene rings, or in that it contains a liquid-crystal medium which itself comprises a component A, which itself consists of one or more of the said compounds, which one or more compounds, which contain 6 to 15 five-, six- or seven-membered rings, preferably 1,4-linked phenylene rings. The present invention additionally relates to compounds of the formula (I), in which the parameters have the meanings given in the text, and to the corresponding, novel liquid-crystal media, to the use and preparation thereof, and to the production and use of the devices. The devices according to the invention are particularly suitable phase shifters in the microwave and millimeter wave region, for microwave and millimeter wave array antennas and very particularly for so-called tunable reflectarrays.

The present invention relates to an electro-rheological fluid comprising particles of at least one inorganic or organic material suspended in a polar liquid crystalline medium, the use of such electro-rheological fluid in an haptic device, an haptic device itself, a method of the production of such haptic device and the use of such haptic device in electro-optical devices.