The invention relates to a composition which forms an insulating layer and which contains a binder based on polyurea. The inventive composition, which has a relatively high expansion rate, allows application, in a simple and rapid manner, of coatings having the layer thickness required for the particular fire resistance time, it being possible to reduce the layer thickness to a minimum and nevertheless to achieve high insulating action. The inventive composition is particularly suitable for fire protection, especially as a coating for metallic and nonmetallic substrates, for instance steel components such as pillars, beams and bars, for increasing the fire resistance time.

The invention relates to a composition which forms an insulating layer and which contains a binder based on polyurea. The inventive composition, which has a relatively high expansion rate, allows application, in a simple and rapid manner, of coatings having the layer thickness required for the particular fire resistance time, it being possible to reduce the layer thickness to a minimum and nevertheless to achieve high insulating action. The inventive composition is particularly suitable for fire protection, especially as a coating for metallic and nonmetallic substrates, for instance steel components such as pillars, beams and bars, for increasing the fire resistance time.

A composition comprising a heat transfer portion and a lubricating portion, wherein the lubricating portion comprises one or more compounds according to formula (I): wherein W is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br and I; Y is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I; Z is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, (CW.sub.2).sub.PCW.sub.3, CY.sub.3, OCW.sub.3, O(CW.sub.2).sub.pCW.sub.3, OCW((CY.sub.2).sub.mCY.sub.3)CWCW.sub.2, polyalkylene glycol and polyolester; n is an integer from 2 to 250; m is an integer from 0 to 3; and p is an integer from 0 to 9.

A composition comprising a heat transfer portion and a lubricating portion, wherein the lubricating portion comprises one or more compounds according to formula (I): wherein W is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br and I; Y is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I; Z is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, (CW.sub.2).sub.PCW.sub.3, CY.sub.3, OCW.sub.3, O(CW.sub.2).sub.pCW.sub.3, OCW((CY.sub.2).sub.mCY.sub.3)CWCW.sub.2, polyalkylene glycol and polyolester; n is an integer from 2 to 250; m is an integer from 0 to 3; and p is an integer from 0 to 9.

The present invention provides a fly ash-based environmentally-friendly hydrogel with a high water retention for preventing and controlling spontaneous combustion of coal in a mine and a preparation method thereof. The hydrogel includes the following raw materials in the following weight percentages: 10% to 30% of a gel-forming material A, 20% to 45% of a crosslinking material B, and water as a balance, where the gel-forming material A is prepared by physical blending of a biodegradable superabsorbent resin, anionic polyacrylamide, a sesbania gum, and fly ash in a weight ratio of (1-3):(0.5-1):(0.5-1):(95-98); and the crosslinking material B is prepared by subjecting zeolite, expandable graphite, and an aluminum citrate complex in a weight ratio of (60-78):(20-36):(2-4) to mixing, dispersing, adsorbing, and freeze-drying. The gel-forming material A is added to water and stirred at room temperature until homogeneous, and then the crosslinking material B is added and stirred until homogeneous to obtain the hydrogel. In the present disclosure, the environmentally-friendly hydrogel with the high water retention is prepared with wastes such as fly ash as a base material, and can be prepared simply with a low cost. In addition, the hydrogel has the advantages of degradability, strong water retention, and a controllable gelation time. The hydrogel can cover and wet a coal body for a long time, and prevent and control the spontaneous combustion of coal in a mine for a prolonged time.

The present invention provides a fly ash-based environmentally-friendly hydrogel with a high water retention for preventing and controlling spontaneous combustion of coal in a mine and a preparation method thereof. The hydrogel includes the following raw materials in the following weight percentages: 10% to 30% of a gel-forming material A, 20% to 45% of a crosslinking material B, and water as a balance, where the gel-forming material A is prepared by physical blending of a biodegradable superabsorbent resin, anionic polyacrylamide, a sesbania gum, and fly ash in a weight ratio of (1-3):(0.5-1):(0.5-1):(95-98); and the crosslinking material B is prepared by subjecting zeolite, expandable graphite, and an aluminum citrate complex in a weight ratio of (60-78):(20-36):(2-4) to mixing, dispersing, adsorbing, and freeze-drying. The gel-forming material A is added to water and stirred at room temperature until homogeneous, and then the crosslinking material B is added and stirred until homogeneous to obtain the hydrogel. In the present disclosure, the environmentally-friendly hydrogel with the high water retention is prepared with wastes such as fly ash as a base material, and can be prepared simply with a low cost. In addition, the hydrogel has the advantages of degradability, strong water retention, and a controllable gelation time. The hydrogel can cover and wet a coal body for a long time, and prevent and control the spontaneous combustion of coal in a mine for a prolonged time.

An electrochromic device includes one or more flame-retardant agents.

An electrochromic device includes one or more flame-retardant agents.

The invention relates to a preparation process of a flame retardant composition made from brominated bismuth and/or antimony compounds complexed with melamine, in which melamine, at least one between the bismuth carbonate and antimony sesquioxide, hydrobromic acid in aqueous solution are placed in contact with each other so as to trigger chemical reactions which lead to the formation of a complex of brominated bismuth or brominated antimony with melamine and melamine bromohydrate. The reagents are placed in contact in the presence of at least one reaction carrier defined by at least one compound chosen from the group consisting of melamine, melamine phosphate, melamine polyphosphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, triphenyl-phosphate, graphite, silica, lignin, coke and compounds containing triazine rings condensed or linked by —NH groups. The reaction carrier is not involved in the reactions. There are no polymeric compounds in quantities such as to create a polymer matrix. The reagents being introduced into the reactor in an amount defined by the stoichiometric ratios of said reactions. The reaction carrier is introduced into the reactor in an amount defined with respect to the total weight of the reagents so that it can perform a modulator function.

The invention relates to a preparation process of a flame retardant composition made from brominated bismuth and/or antimony compounds complexed with melamine, in which melamine, at least one between the bismuth carbonate and antimony sesquioxide, hydrobromic acid in aqueous solution are placed in contact with each other so as to trigger chemical reactions which lead to the formation of a complex of brominated bismuth or brominated antimony with melamine and melamine bromohydrate. The reagents are placed in contact in the presence of at least one reaction carrier defined by at least one compound chosen from the group consisting of melamine, melamine phosphate, melamine polyphosphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, triphenyl-phosphate, graphite, silica, lignin, coke and compounds containing triazine rings condensed or linked by —NH groups. The reaction carrier is not involved in the reactions. There are no polymeric compounds in quantities such as to create a polymer matrix. The reagents being introduced into the reactor in an amount defined by the stoichiometric ratios of said reactions. The reaction carrier is introduced into the reactor in an amount defined with respect to the total weight of the reagents so that it can perform a modulator function.