A refrigerant composition, including trifluoroiodomethane (CF.sub.3I); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf); difluoromethane (HFC-32); and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), for use in a heat exchange system, including refrigeration applications and in particular aspects to the use of such compositions as a replacement of the refrigerant R-404A for heating and cooling applications and to retrofitting heat exchange systems, including systems designed for use with R-404A.

The invention relates to a composition containing 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and carbon dioxide, and possibly additional compounds, as well as to the use thereof, particularly as a refrigerant for replacing the conventional fluid R-410A.

An object of the present invention is to provide, as a working fluid to be used for a heat cycle system, a working fluid for heat cycle that has cycle performance replaceable with that of R410A, and at the same time, has a small burden on an apparatus, low flammability, suppressed self-decomposition, and less effect on global warming, and therefore, is usable stably even if leaked, a composition for heat cycle system containing the same, and a heat cycle system using the composition. The working fluid for heat cycle contains trifluoroethylene, difluoromethane, and at least one selected from 1,1-difluoroethane, fluoroethane, propane, propylene, carbon dioxide, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and (E)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene at mass ratios satisfying predetermined expressions and at a ratio of the total content to be 90 to 100 mass % relative to the total amount of the working fluid and has a temperature glide of 10° C. or less.

Provided is a chiller and system that may be utilized in a supercritical fluid chromatography method, wherein a non-polar solvent may replace a portion or all of a polar solvent for the purpose of separating or extracting desired sample molecules from a combined sample/solvent stream. The system may reduce the amount of polar solvent necessary for chromatographic separation and/or extraction of desired samples. The system may incorporate a supercritical fluid chiller, a supercritical fluid pressure-equalizing vessel and a supercritical fluid cyclonic separator. The supercritical fluid chiller allows for efficient and consistent pumping of liquid-phase gases employing off-the-shelf HPLC pumps. The pressure equalizing vessel allows the use of off-the-shelf HPLC column cartridges. The system may further incorporate the use of one or more disposable cartridges containing silica gel or other suitable medium. The system may also utilize an open loop cooling circuit using fluids with a positive Joule-Thompson coefficient.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus (10) includes a refrigerant circuit (11) including a compressor (12), a heat source-side heat exchanger (13), an expansion mechanism (14), and a usage-side heat exchanger (15). In the refrigerant circuit (11), a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132 (E)) is sealed. At least during a predetermined operation, in at least one of the heat source-side heat exchanger (13) and the usage-side heat exchanger (15), a flow of the refrigerant and a flow of a heating medium that exchanges heating with the refrigerant are counter flows.

In an air conditioner that uses a refrigerant mixture containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene, high efficiency is achieved. The motor rotation rate of a compressor (100) can be changed in accordance with an air conditioning load, and thus a high annual performance factor (APF) can be achieved. In addition, an electrolytic capacitor is not required on an output side of a rectifier circuit (21), and thus an increase in the size and cost of the circuit is suppressed.

In an air conditioner that uses a refrigerant mixture containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene, high efficiency is achieved. In the air conditioner (1), a compressor (100, 200) can be driven without interposing a power conversion device between an AC power source (90, 190) and a motor (70, 170). Thus, it is possible to provide the air conditioner (1) that is environmentally friendly and has a relatively inexpensive configuration.

An air-conditioning unit that is able to suppress ignition at an electric heater even when leakage of refrigerant occurs while a low-GWP refrigerant is used is provided. In an outdoor unit (20) including a casing (60), a compressor (21) provided inside the casing (60) and configured to compress refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and a drain pan heater (54) provided inside the casing (60), an electric power consumption of the drain pan heater (54) is lower than or equal to 300 W.

Various compostions, including particularly aerosol compositions, containing fluorinated olefins, including particularly tetra- and penta-fluorpropenes, in a variety of applications are disclosed.

A refrigerator oil composition containing an epoxy compound (X) having at least one of an olefin skeleton and a terpene skeleton, and a base oil (Y).