Cooling system, preferably adapted for use in or including a refrigeration plant and/or liquefier plant, having a refrigeration circuit (1) configured to use a refrigerant including a mixture of helium and neon; wherein the refrigerant is based on a raw mixture, preferably is the raw mixture, including helium and neon, extracted from air by an air separation plant (2). Method for producing a refrigerant usable in a refrigeration circuit (1), comprising: extracting a raw mixture including helium and neon from air, wherein the raw mixture preferably further includes nitrogen and hydrogen; and using the raw mixture as the refrigerant or obtaining the refrigerant from the raw mixture.

The present invention relates to a refrigerant composition comprising neon and hydrogen. The present invention further relates to the use of the refrigerant composition in liquefying gaseous substances such as hydrogen or helium.

Provided is a chiller and system that may be utilized in a supercritical fluid chromatography method, wherein a non-polar solvent may replace a portion or all of a polar solvent for the purpose of separating or extracting desired sample molecules from a combined sample/solvent stream. The system may reduce the amount of polar solvent necessary for chromatographic separation and/or extraction of desired samples. The system may incorporate a supercritical fluid chiller, a supercritical fluid pressure-equalizing vessel and a supercritical fluid cyclonic separator. The supercritical fluid chiller allows for efficient and consistent pumping of liquid-phase gases employing off-the-shelf HPLC pumps. The pressure equalizing vessel allows the use of off-the-shelf HPLC column cartridges. The system may further incorporate the use of one or more disposable cartridges containing silica gel or other suitable medium. The system may also utilize an open loop cooling circuit using fluids with a positive Joule-Thompson coefficient.

Provided is a chiller and system that may be utilized in a supercritical fluid chromatography method, wherein a non-polar solvent may replace a portion or all of a polar solvent for the purpose of separating or extracting desired sample molecules from a combined sample/solvent stream. The system may reduce the amount of polar solvent necessary for chromatographic separation and/or extraction of desired samples. The system may incorporate a supercritical fluid chiller, a supercritical fluid pressure-equalizing vessel and a supercritical fluid cyclonic separator. The supercritical fluid chiller allows for efficient and consistent pumping of liquid-phase gases employing off-the-shelf HPLC pumps. The pressure equalizing vessel allows the use of off-the-shelf HPLC column cartridges. The system may further incorporate the use of one or more disposable cartridges containing silica gel or other suitable medium. The system may also utilize an open loop cooling circuit using fluids with a positive Joule-Thomson coefficient.

The embodiments of the invention disclose a mixed refrigerant for a cryogenic temperature range, and methods for preparing and applying the same. The mixed refrigerant comprises six types of refrigerants: the first type of refrigerant is argon or nitrogen; the second type of refrigerant is methane or krypton; the third type of refrigerant is tetrafluoromethane; the fourth type of refrigerant is trifluoromethane or fluoromethane; the fifth type of refrigerant is at least one of 2,3,3,3tetrafluoro-1-propene, hexafluoropropylene, pentafluoropropene, and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene; and the sixth type of refrigerant is at least one of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane, monochloro-trifluoropropene, and hexafluoro-2-butene. The mixed refrigerant has the advantages of a low ODP value, a low GWP value and non-flammability, it achieves the beneficial effects of non-toxic, environmental-friendly, convenient and safe, and it is for large-scale industrial production applications.

A test chamber (10) for conditioning air has a test space (12), and a temperature control device (11) for controlling the temperature of the test space and allowing a temperature in a range of 80 C. to +180 C., preferably 100 C. to +200 C., to be established within the test space, the temperature control device having a cooling device (16) with a cooling circuit (17), a heat exchanger (18), a compressor (19), a condenser (20), and an expansion element (21), wherein the refrigerant is a nearly azeotropic and/or zeotropic refrigerant mixture of a mass percentage of carbon dioxide and a mass percentage of at least one of the components ethane, ethene, hexafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane, monofluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethene, fluoromethane and/or propane and/or xenon, the refrigerant having a relative CO.sub.2 equivalent of <3000, preferably <500, in particular preferably <10, with respect to 20 years.

Provided is a chiller and system that may be utilized in a supercritical fluid chromatography method, wherein a non-polar solvent may replace a portion or all of a polar solvent for the purpose of separating or extracting desired sample molecules from a combined sample/solvent stream. The system may reduce the amount of polar solvent necessary for chromatographic separation and/or extraction of desired samples. The system may incorporate a supercritical fluid chiller, a supercritical fluid pressure-equalizing vessel and a supercritical fluid cyclonic separator. The supercritical fluid chiller allows for efficient and consistent pumping of liquid-phase gases employing off-the-shelf HPLC pumps. The pressure equalizing vessel allows the use of off-the-shelf HPLC column cartridges. The system may further incorporate the use of one or more disposable cartridges containing silica gel or other suitable medium. The system may also utilize an open loop cooling circuit using fluids with a positive Joule-Thomson coefficient.

Compositions containing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,2-difluoroethylene, that can be used in multiple fields of application. The composition can include from 45 to 90 mol % of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and from 55 to 10 mol % of, 1,2-difluoroethylene. The composition can include from 55 to 80 mol % of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and from 45 to 20 mol % of 1,2-difluoroethylene. The composition can include from 62 to 69 mol % of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and from 38 to 31 mol % of 1,2-difluoroethylene at a temperature of between 30 C. and 56 C. and a pressure of between 1 and 15 bar.

The present invention relates to a refrigerant composition. According to the invention it is envisioned that the composition comprises comprising an inert gas selected from nitrogen, argon, neon and a mixture thereof, and a mixture of at least two C.sub.1-C.sub.5 hydrocarbons. The present invention further relates to the use of the refrigerant composition in a method for liquefying a gaseous substance, particularly hydrogen or helium.

The present invention relates to a refrigerant composition comprising neon and hydrogen. The present invention further relates to the use of the refrigerant composition in liquefying gaseous substances such as hydrogen or helium.