A reactive perpendicular aligned organosilicon material is provided, having a general structural formula in the form of A-R, where A is SiCl.sub.3 and R represents a linear chained or a branched chained alkyl group with 5-20 carbon atoms. A CH.sub.2 group in the alkyl group is substituted by a phenyl group, a naphthenic base, CONH, COO, OCO, S, CO, or CHCH, or an F atom or a Cl atom substitutes an H atom in the alkyl group. A Cl atom in the reactive perpendicular aligned organosilicon material and OH on a surface of a substrate having no PI thereon form a hydrogen bond, leading to vertical arrangement of liquid crystal molecules between two opposite substrates.

A substrate provided with an alignment film includes: a substrate including an electrode on a surface thereof; and an alignment film in contact with the electrode. The alignment film contains a first polymer that contains a polysiloxane structure in a side chain and a second polymer that contains a photo-reactive group or a vertically aligning functional group. The alignment film includes a first surface that is placed on a side close to the electrode and contains the first polymer and a second surface that is placed on a side opposite to the first surface and contains the second polymer. The first polymer has a weight that is equal to or greater than a weight of the second polymer in the alignment film.

This liquid crystal display device is provided with: a first substrate; a second substrate that faces the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer that is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate; and liquid crystal alignment films (a first alignment film and a second alignment film) that are formed on the first substrate and the second substrate, respectively. The first substrate and the second substrate respectively have an electrode on the liquid crystal layer side surfaces. At least one of the first alignment film and the second alignment film is a photo-alignment film. Each pixel has a plurality of alignment regions, in which the alignment directions of liquid crystal molecules are different from each other, within the pixel. The liquid crystal layer has negative dielectric anisotropy, while having a thickness of 2.9 m or less.

The present invention aims to provide a liquid crystal display device in which image sticking and stains are sufficiently reduced. The present invention relates to an alignment film including: a polymer, wherein the polymer is a polysiloxane or a polyvinyl and contains a silsesquioxane group. The present invention also relates to a polymer for use in the alignment film, the polymer containing a silsesquioxane group. The present invention also relates to a liquid crystal display device including: the alignment film; a pair of substrates; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the substrates, wherein the alignment film is disposed between at least one of the substrates and the liquid crystal layer.

A liquid crystal display device includes: a first curved substrate; a second curved substrate facing the first curved substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first curved substrate and the second curved substrate; a first curved liquid crystal alignment layer interposed between the liquid crystal layer and the first curved substrate; and a second curved liquid crystal alignment layer interposed between the liquid crystal layer and the second curved substrate, wherein the second curved liquid crystal alignment layer includes a nanoparticles including a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic group.

A substrate provided with an alignment film includes: a substrate including an electrode on a surface thereof; and an alignment film in contact with the electrode. The alignment film contains a first polymer that contains a polysiloxane structure in a side chain and a second polymer that contains a photo-reactive group or a vertically aligning functional group. The alignment film includes a first surface that is placed on a side close to the electrode and contains the first polymer and a second surface that is placed on a side opposite to the first surface and contains the second polymer. The first polymer has a weight that is equal to or greater than a weight of the second polymer in the alignment film.

The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that includes: a pair of substrates; a liquid crystal layer held between the substrates; and an alignment film disposed on a liquid crystal layer side surface of at least one of the substrates, the liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal material that has a nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature of 75 C. or lower and a nematic phase temperature range narrower than 100 C., the alignment film containing a first polymer and a second polymer, the first polymer having in its main chain at least one selected from a polyamic acid structure and a polyimide structure or a polysiloxane structure, the second polymer being obtained by polymerizing at least one monomer including at least one monomer containing a chalcone group.

The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device and a method of producing the same in which the occurrence of a bright dot at an edge portion of a display region is suppressed during use in a wide temperature range. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes: a liquid crystal layer disposed between a first substrate and a second substrate; an alignment film disposed adjacent to the liquid crystal layer of at least one of the first substrate or the second substrate; and a sealing material to achieve adhesion between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the liquid crystal layer contains a liquid crystal material, the liquid crystal material contains an alkoxy group-containing liquid crystal compound and exhibits a liquid crystal phase at 10 C. or higher and 80 C. or lower, the sealing material is a cured product of an epoxy resin-containing sealant, and the alignment film includes at least one of a first alignment film including a polymer layer formed using a first alignment agent containing a polyamic acid and a polysiloxane, or a second alignment film including a polymer layer formed using a second alignment agent containing a polyamic acid in which a silane coupling agent is adsorbed onto a surface of the polymer layer.

A reactive perpendicular aligned organosilicon material is provided, having a general structural formula in the form of A-R, where A is SiCl.sub.3 and R represents a linear chained or a branched chained alkyl group with 5-20 carbon atoms. A CH.sub.2 group in the alkyl group is substituted by a phenyl group, a naphthenic base, CONH, COO, OCO, S, CO, or CHCH, or an F atom or a Cl atom substitutes an H atom in the alkyl group. A Cl atom in the reactive perpendicular aligned organosilicon material and OH on a surface of a substrate having no Pl thereon form a hydrogen bond, leading to vertical arrangement of liquid crystal molecules between two opposite substrates.

The present invention provides an alignment film capable of reducing generation of bubbles in a liquid crystal layer, a liquid crystal panel including the alignment film, and a method for producing the liquid crystal panel. The alignment film contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyamic acid containing a bisaniline fluorene skeleton and a polyimide containing a bisaniline fluorene skeleton. Preferably, the bisaniline fluorene skeleton of the polyamic acid is contained in a diamine unit of the polyamic acid and the bisaniline fluorene skeleton of the polyimide is contained in a diamine unit of the polyimide.