The invention relates to an apparatus for the material treatment of raw materials. The apparatus has a heating system, a distillation unit and a reaction unit to be loaded with the raw materials for treatment. The heating system can be opened and closed to be fitted with the reaction unit. The heating system comprises a top element and a jacket element firmly connected to the top element, and supporting elements. The length of the support elements can be varied in the vertical direction, between two end positions, the heating system can be opened and closed in the vertical direction of movement. The invention further relates to a method for operating an apparatus for the material treatment of raw materials.

A high-efficiency pyrolysis apparatus comprises a first pyrolysis furnace, a second pyrolysis furnace, a fractional distillation device, and an air sucking device. The first pyrolysis furnace heats and pyrolyzes a solid-state waste. The second pyrolysis furnace interconnects with the first pyrolysis furnace through a first channel and generates a fluid. The fractional distillation device interconnects with the second pyrolysis furnace through a second channel and performs a fluid separation operation on the fluid. The air sucking device interconnects with the first pyrolysis furnace and generates a negative pressure to the first channel and the second channel to prevent from that air exists in the first pyrolysis furnace and the second pyrolysis furnace and that toxic materials are generated in the first pyrolysis furnace and the second pyrolysis furnace. The high-efficiency pyrolysis apparatus is less likely to generate toxic materials and thus less likely to pollute the air.

A high-efficiency pyrolysis apparatus comprises a first pyrolysis furnace, a second pyrolysis furnace, a fractional distillation device, and an air sucking device. The first pyrolysis furnace heats and pyrolyzes a solid-state waste. The second pyrolysis furnace interconnects with the first pyrolysis furnace through a first channel and generates a fluid. The fractional distillation device interconnects with the second pyrolysis furnace through a second channel and performs a fluid separation operation on the fluid. The air sucking device interconnects with the first pyrolysis furnace and generates a negative pressure to the first channel and the second channel to prevent from that air exists in the first pyrolysis furnace and the second pyrolysis furnace and that toxic materials are generated in the first pyrolysis furnace and the second pyrolysis furnace. The high-efficiency pyrolysis apparatus is less likely to generate toxic materials and thus less likely to pollute the air.

In one aspect, the present invention relates to a coke drum module, the coke drum module includes a support frame. A coke drum is disposed within the support frame. A strut is removably connected to the support frame and the coke drum. The strut becomes unloaded responsive to the coke drum contacting a support pad. The coke drum module further includes a compression member removably connected to the support frame and the coke drum. The compression member is oriented generally perpendicularly to the strut. A rigid connection is present between the coke drum and the support frame during transportation of the coke drum module. Upon removal of the strut and the compression member, the rigid connection is not present.

Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for shale pyrolysis. A retort may include a first side and a second side opposite the first side, where the first side and the second side include descending angled surfaces at alternating angles to produce zig-zag motion of shale descending through the retort. Steam distributors may be coupled to the first side, with collectors coupled to the second side, to produce crossflow of steam and heat across the descending shale. A steam temperature control subsystem may be coupled to the steam distributors and may deliver higher-temperature steam to an upper portion of the retort and lower-temperature steam to a lower portion of the retort.

Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for shale pyrolysis. A retort may include a first side and a second side opposite the first side, where the first side and the second side include descending angled surfaces at alternating angles to produce zig-zag motion of shale descending through the retort. Steam distributors may be coupled to the first side, with collectors coupled to the second side, to produce crossflow of steam and heat across the descending shale. A steam temperature control subsystem may be coupled to the steam distributors and may deliver higher-temperature steam to an upper portion of the retort and lower-temperature steam to a lower portion of the retort.

A coking system comprises the 1st to the m-th heating units and the 1st to the n-th coke towers, each of the m heating units being in communication with the n coke towers, respectively, each of the n coke towers being in communication with one or more separation towers, respectively, in communication with the m-th heating unit and optionally with the i-th heating unit. The coking system can at least utilize petroleum series or coal series raw materials to produce high-quality needle coke with stable performance.

A coking system comprises the 1st to the m-th heating units and the 1st to the n-th coke towers, each of the m heating units being in communication with the n coke towers, respectively, each of the n coke towers being in communication with one or more separation towers, respectively, in communication with the m-th heating unit and optionally with the i-th heating unit. The coking system can at least utilize petroleum series or coal series raw materials to produce high-quality needle coke with stable performance.

There is provided a carbonization/oil recovery processing furnace which can be manufactured at a relatively low cost and has less deterioration due to corrosion in association with operation, and can also be maintained and managed at low cost. The carbonization/oil recovery processing furnace is constituted so as to process discarded materials including plastic waste by carbonization and oil recovery with the use of superheated steam which is supplied from the outside, and the carbonization/oil recovery processing furnace is constituted of iron-made external structures and stainless steel-made internal structures which can be separated from the external structures.

A pyrolysis apparatus having a heating system adapted to heat a first gas enclosure, wherein a gas path within the heated enclosure is helical or spherical. Pyrolysis is used to destroy oils, tars and/or PAHs in a gaseous mixture.