An organic matter degradation device has a reaction chamber which sidewall includes at least one energy resonance/reflection/storage unit made of an infrared material. An excess heat energy of each degradation is reflected by the infrared material, and the excess heat energy and a heat energy radiated from the infrared material propagate to the non-degraded organic matter in the housing space of the reaction chamber, again, so as to continue the degradation of the organic matter. The organic matter degradation device has active heat radiation to present main advantages of uniform heat effect, low energy consumption and fast degradation time. The heat energy is accumulated after several times, and thus the degradation of the organic matter continues without using the initial heating device to continuously provide the subsequent heat energy. The present disclosure further provides an organic matter degradation method.

A method, system, and apparatus for decomposing a biomass feedstock include providing a layer of inert particulate matter, such as sand, to line and insulate the bottom surface of a main chamber of a reactor where pyrolysis and oxidation are conducted to produce char and producer gases as primary products. In an embodiment, feedstock positioned in a side region of the reaction chamber insulates side walls of the main chamber from heat in the center region of the main chamber. In an embodiment of the method, a rate of removal of solid products such as char from the reactor is controlled in response to a temperature detected at a position of an extraction tube inlet of the reactor. Activated charcoal may be obtained as a primary product using the system and method, by feeding oxygen into the reactor at an inlet positioned adjacent to an inlet to the extraction chamber.

A lid assembly for a portable biochar kiln and system is disclosed. An example of a lid assembly includes a cylindrical sidewall, a rim around the cylindrical sidewall, and a top portion having an opening formed therein. A removable stack is configured to fit over the opening formed in the top portion to direct exhaust from the portable biochar kiln. A gasket cover is interchangeable with the removable stack to fit over the opening formed in the top portion to form a substantially airtight seal over the opening formed in the top portion when a burn is complete in the portable biochar kiln to self-extinguish embers in the portable biochar kiln.

A lid assembly for a portable biochar kiln and system is disclosed. An example of a lid assembly includes a cylindrical sidewall, a rim around the cylindrical sidewall, and a top portion having an opening formed therein. A removable stack is configured to fit over the opening formed in the top portion to direct exhaust from the portable biochar kiln. A gasket cover is interchangeable with the removable stack to fit over the opening formed in the top portion to form a substantially airtight seal over the opening formed in the top portion when a burn is complete in the portable biochar kiln to self-extinguish embers in the portable biochar kiln.

The present invention provides a microwave pyrolysis reactor (1) comprising an inner pipe element (2) and a housing (4), wherein the inner pipe element (2) is made of a microwave transparent material and is arranged within the housing and comprises a first open end (5) and a second open end (6); the housing (4) comprises a first inner surface, enclosing an annular space (7,44) around the inner pipe element (2), a waste inlet (10), a solids outlet (11), a gas outlet (12), and a port (13) for a microwave waveguide (14), the waste inlet and the solids outlet are in communication with the first open end and the second open end of the inner pipe element, respectively, and the port for a microwave waveguide is in communication with the annular space; the inner pipe element, the waste inlet and the solids outlet of the housing form parts of a conduit not in fluid communication with the annular space around the inner pipe element and wherein the inner pipe element is clamped within the housing via a cylinder-shaped resilient assembly (54) arranged at at least one of the first open end (5) and the second open end of the inner pipe element, the resilient assembly is adapted to allow longitudinal expansion of the inner pipe element (2) and comprises a central through-going passage (57) having a centerline in line with a centerline (C) of the inner pipe element.

The present invention provides a microwave pyrolysis reactor (1) comprising an inner pipe element (2) and a housing (4), wherein the inner pipe element (2) is made of a microwave transparent material and is arranged within the housing and comprises a first open end (5) and a second open end (6); the housing (4) comprises a first inner surface, enclosing an annular space (7,44) around the inner pipe element (2), a waste inlet (10), a solids outlet (11), a gas outlet (12), and a port (13) for a microwave waveguide (14), the waste inlet and the solids outlet are in communication with the first open end and the second open end of the inner pipe element, respectively, and the port for a microwave waveguide is in communication with the annular space; the inner pipe element, the waste inlet and the solids outlet of the housing form parts of a conduit not in fluid communication with the annular space around the inner pipe element and wherein the inner pipe element is clamped within the housing via a cylinder-shaped resilient assembly (54) arranged at at least one of the first open end (5) and the second open end of the inner pipe element, the resilient assembly is adapted to allow longitudinal expansion of the inner pipe element (2) and comprises a central through-going passage (57) having a centerline in line with a centerline (C) of the inner pipe element.

A furnace system includes at least one lower radiant section having a first firebox disposed therein and at least one upper radiant section disposed above the at least one lower radiant section. The at least one upper radiant section has a second firebox disposed therein. The furnace system further includes at least one convection section disposed above the at least one upper radiant section and an exhaust corridor defined by the first firebox, the second firebox, and the at least one convection section. Arrangement of the at least one upper radiant section above the at least one lower radiant section reduces an area required for construction of the furnace system.

A furnace system includes at least one lower radiant section having a first firebox disposed therein and at least one upper radiant section disposed above the at least one lower radiant section. The at least one upper radiant section has a second firebox disposed therein. The furnace system further includes at least one convection section disposed above the at least one upper radiant section and an exhaust corridor defined by the first firebox, the second firebox, and the at least one convection section. Arrangement of the at least one upper radiant section above the at least one lower radiant section reduces an area required for construction of the furnace system.

A coking system comprises the 1st to the m-th heating units and the 1st to the n-th coke towers, each of the m heating units being in communication with the n coke towers, respectively, each of the n coke towers being in communication with one or more separation towers, respectively, in communication with the m-th heating unit and optionally with the i-th heating unit. The coking system can at least utilize petroleum series or coal series raw materials to produce high-quality needle coke with stable performance.

An insulated pressure vessel, such as a coke drum, having an insulation system installed thereon. The insulation system includes an insulation support system comprising either a floating ring type support system, or a cage type support system including a plurality of vertically spaced insulation support rings each having a diameter greater than the external diameter of the coke drum. A plurality of insulation panels are secured to the support rings, each panel including insulation material and an exterior metal jacket. The panels are secured to horizontally adjacent insulation panels with standing seams. Weather shields may be provided over the top of the seams. Tensioned insulation securing cables, corresponding in number to the insulation support rings, are routed through horizontally aligned eyelets in each standing seam.