Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and loss of entrained solid particles in reheater flue gas are provided. Carbonaceous biomass feedstock is pyrolyzed using a heat transfer medium forming pyrolysis products and a spent heat transfer medium comprising combustible solid particles. The spent heat transfer medium is introduced into a fluidizing dense bed. The combustible solid particles of the spent heat transfer medium are combusted forming combustion product flue gas in a dilute phase above the fluidizing dense bed. The combustion product flue gas comprises flue gas and solid particles entrained therein. The solid particles are separated from the combustion product flue gas to form separated solid particles. At least a portion of the separated solid particles are returned to the fluidizing dense bed.

Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and loss of entrained solid particles in reheater flue gas are provided. Carbonaceous biomass feedstock is pyrolyzed using a heat transfer medium forming pyrolysis products and a spent heat transfer medium comprising combustible solid particles. The spent heat transfer medium is introduced into a fluidizing dense bed. The combustible solid particles of the spent heat transfer medium are combusted forming combustion product flue gas in a dilute phase above the fluidizing dense bed. The combustion product flue gas comprises flue gas and solid particles entrained therein. The solid particles are separated from the combustion product flue gas to form separated solid particles. At least a portion of the separated solid particles are returned to the fluidizing dense bed.

Systems and methods are disclosed for pyrolysis of waste feed material. Some systems include a main retort and a secondary retort. Syngas is produced by pyrolysis in the main retort, and is then mixed with combustion air and ignited, in some cases to produce energy. Carbon char travels to the secondary retort and is exhausted from the system through an airlock.

A continuous pyrolysis system including a pyrolysis chamber, a heating chamber, a feeding chamber having a pressure input, an output coupled to the pyrolysis chamber, and a feeding opening opened to ambient atmosphere, a flame injector injecting ambient air and combustible material into the heating chamber, a pumping device with an input coupled to the heating chamber, and an output coupled to the pressure input of the feeding chamber, a O.sub.2 sensor within the heating chamber, and/or a pressure transducer within the feeding chamber, and a controller coupled to the O.sub.2 sensor, the pressure transducer, the flame injector, and the pumping device, for controlling the flame injector to inject ambient air and/or combustible material to maintain within the heating chamber O.sub.2 concentration between 8% and 10%, and/or for controlling the pumping device to maintain pressure in the feeding chamber above ambient pressure.

A continuous pyrolysis system including a pyrolysis chamber, a heating chamber, a feeding chamber having a pressure input, an output coupled to the pyrolysis chamber, and a feeding opening opened to ambient atmosphere, a flame injector injecting ambient air and combustible material into the heating chamber, a pumping device with an input coupled to the heating chamber, and an output coupled to the pressure input of the feeding chamber, a O.sub.2 sensor within the heating chamber, and/or a pressure transducer within the feeding chamber, and a controller coupled to the O.sub.2 sensor, the pressure transducer, the flame injector, and the pumping device, for controlling the flame injector to inject ambient air and/or combustible material to maintain within the heating chamber O.sub.2 concentration between 8% and 10%, and/or for controlling the pumping device to maintain pressure in the feeding chamber above ambient pressure.

A flue block for a heating wall of a coke oven battery, the flue block having a proximal end and a distal end, the flue block comprising a first aperture disposed within the flue block, and a riser arranged in said first aperture. The flue block may also comprise a second aperture disposed therein, the second aperture spaced apart from the first aperture, and a second riser arranged in the second aperture. The flue block may be configured such that the riser is arranged to extend past the proximal end of the flue block. The flue block may be also configured such that the first riser extends past the proximal end. The flue block may be further configured such that the second riser extends past the proximal end.

A flue block for a heating wall of a coke oven battery, the flue block having a proximal end and a distal end, the flue block comprising a first aperture disposed within the flue block, and a riser arranged in said first aperture. The flue block may also comprise a second aperture disposed therein, the second aperture spaced apart from the first aperture, and a second riser arranged in the second aperture. The flue block may be configured such that the riser is arranged to extend past the proximal end of the flue block. The flue block may be also configured such that the first riser extends past the proximal end. The flue block may be further configured such that the second riser extends past the proximal end.

A system for processing solid waste including a segmented gasifier having a first segment detachably connected to a second segment, and a burner positioned downstream of the segmented gasifier and coupled to the segmented gasifier. A process for treating solid waste including introducing the solid waste into a first end of a segmented gasifier having a first segment detachably connected to a second segment. Gasifying the solid waste as it traverses from the first end of the gasifier to a second end of the segmented gasifier, and producing a gaseous output and a solid output at the second end of the segmented gasifier. Separating the gaseous output and the solid output, and introducing a portion of the gaseous output to a burner and recycling a portion of the gaseous output to the segmented gasifier as an energy source.

A system for processing solid waste including a segmented gasifier having a first segment detachably connected to a second segment, and a burner positioned downstream of the segmented gasifier and coupled to the segmented gasifier. A process for treating solid waste including introducing the solid waste into a first end of a segmented gasifier having a first segment detachably connected to a second segment. Gasifying the solid waste as it traverses from the first end of the gasifier to a second end of the segmented gasifier, and producing a gaseous output and a solid output at the second end of the segmented gasifier. Separating the gaseous output and the solid output, and introducing a portion of the gaseous output to a burner and recycling a portion of the gaseous output to the segmented gasifier as an energy source.