Applying heat from a heat source to a first region to cause a first pyrolysis process, the first pyrolysis process resulting in a gaseous mixture, and applying heat from the heat source to a second region to cause a second pyrolysis process, the second pyrolysis process being applied to the gaseous mixture, wherein the second region is located closer to the heat source than the first region. Pyrolysis is used to destroy oils, tars and/or PAHs in carbonaceous material.

Applying heat from a heat source to a first region to cause a first pyrolysis process, the first pyrolysis process resulting in a gaseous mixture, and applying heat from the heat source to a second region to cause a second pyrolysis process, the second pyrolysis process being applied to the gaseous mixture, wherein the second region is located closer to the heat source than the first region. Pyrolysis is used to destroy oils, tars and/or PAHs in carbonaceous material.

A horizontal pyrolysis furnace has a kiln and two barrels. The two barrels are respectively a processing barrel rotatably disposed in the kiln and a takeover barrel detachably connected with the processing barrel. Each one of the two barrels has a gate assembly and at least one spiral guiding plate. The gate assembly of the processing barrel is mounted on an end of the processing barrel, and extends out from the kiln. The two gate assemblies of the two barrels are detachably connected such that the two barrels are able to rotate synchronously. The at least one spiral guiding plate is fixed on an inner surface of one of the two barrels, and the spiral guiding plates of both barrels have an identical helical direction.

A horizontal pyrolysis furnace has a kiln and two barrels. The two barrels are respectively a processing barrel rotatably disposed in the kiln and a takeover barrel detachably connected with the processing barrel. Each one of the two barrels has a gate assembly and at least one spiral guiding plate. The gate assembly of the processing barrel is mounted on an end of the processing barrel, and extends out from the kiln. The two gate assemblies of the two barrels are detachably connected such that the two barrels are able to rotate synchronously. The at least one spiral guiding plate is fixed on an inner surface of one of the two barrels, and the spiral guiding plates of both barrels have an identical helical direction.

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

A biomass solid fuel with reduced self-heating. An apparatus for manufacturing a biomass solid fuel including a carbonization furnace for carbonizing a biomass molded block to obtain a biomass solid fuel; a yield calculator for calculating a yield of the biomass solid fuel and/or a temperature detector for measuring a temperature of the carbonization furnace; and a controller for controlling a heat source of the carbonization furnace; in which the controller controls the heat source based on a correlation between (i) a self-heating property of the biomass solid fuel and (ii) the yield and/or the temperature of the carbonization furnace.

A biomass solid fuel with reduced self-heating. An apparatus for manufacturing a biomass solid fuel including a carbonization furnace for carbonizing a biomass molded block to obtain a biomass solid fuel; a yield calculator for calculating a yield of the biomass solid fuel and/or a temperature detector for measuring a temperature of the carbonization furnace; and a controller for controlling a heat source of the carbonization furnace; in which the controller controls the heat source based on a correlation between (i) a self-heating property of the biomass solid fuel and (ii) the yield and/or the temperature of the carbonization furnace.

A high-efficiency food waste carbonization process using a carbonizer specially designed to function at a specific range of temperatures to work efficiently, with minimal energy input and designed to reduce volume and to produce charcoal that may be used as a fuel. The invention is designed to work with high-moisture materials such as food waste.

A high-efficiency food waste carbonization process using a carbonizer specially designed to function at a specific range of temperatures to work efficiently, with minimal energy input and designed to reduce volume and to produce charcoal that may be used as a fuel. The invention is designed to work with high-moisture materials such as food waste.