This invention relates to a process for the conversion of a feedstock comprising a lignin-comprising material, comprising the steps (a) to (c): (a) charging the feedstock to a fluidized bed reactor; (b) pyrolyzing at least part of the feedstock in the fluidized bed reactor while introducing a carrier gas into the reactor, to produce pyrolysis vapours; (c) reacting at least part of the pyrolysis vapours coming from step (b) in a second reactor comprising a catalyst, to produce hydrocarbon products comprising aromatics.

This invention relates to a process for the conversion of a feedstock comprising a lignin-comprising material, comprising the steps (a) to (c): (a) charging the feedstock to a fluidized bed reactor; (b) pyrolyzing at least part of the feedstock in the fluidized bed reactor while introducing a carrier gas into the reactor, to produce pyrolysis vapours; (c) reacting at least part of the pyrolysis vapours coming from step (b) in a second reactor comprising a catalyst, to produce hydrocarbon products comprising aromatics.

A method for thermally decomposing a carbonaceous waste material including: filling a reactor defined by a reactor wall with the waste material and an auxiliary material, resulting in a reactor content, the auxiliary material including abrasive particles; heating the reactor contents in the absence of oxygen, such that gaseous products are formed by pyrolysis of the waste material and the abrasive particles do not melt or thermally decompose; moving the reactor contents during the pyrolysis, the moving being adapted to mix the reactor contents and to cause the abrasive particles to scrape over at least parts of the reactor wall. The auxiliary material has a composition to include a component adapted to bind halogens present in the gaseous products and/or so that the brittleness of the auxiliary material is greater than the brittleness of the reactor wall.

A macroscopic artificial dielectric susceptor for making biochemicals

Provided is a method and apparatus for manufacturing a cokes additive, which is optimized for extraction of a cokes additive and can easily and effectively manufacture the additive, the method comprising: a coal pre-processing step for bringing coal into slurry by dispersing the coal in a solvent; a step for introducing a dispersed iron catalyst while pre-processing the coal; a coal liquefying step for liquefying the coal slurry by reacting the coal slurry with a cracking gas; a step for supplying a COG and/or an LNG as the cracking gas in the coal liquefying step; a separation step for separating an additive from the liquefied product; and a recycling step for supplying liquid oil obtained in the separation step to the coal pre-processing step and using the liquid oil as the solvent.

Provided is a method and apparatus for manufacturing a cokes additive, which is optimized for extraction of a cokes additive and can easily and effectively manufacture the additive, the method comprising: a coal pre-processing step for bringing coal into slurry by dispersing the coal in a solvent; a step for introducing a dispersed iron catalyst while pre-processing the coal; a coal liquefying step for liquefying the coal slurry by reacting the coal slurry with a cracking gas; a step for supplying a COG and/or an LNG as the cracking gas in the coal liquefying step; a separation step for separating an additive from the liquefied product; and a recycling step for supplying liquid oil obtained in the separation step to the coal pre-processing step and using the liquid oil as the solvent.

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

The present disclosure provides a method of preparing a carbonaceous material capable of fixing arsenic and an application thereof. Through biomass pretreatment, biomass pyrolysis and arsenite fixation, a biochar activated by potassium carbonate and an arsenic-containing wastewater containing sulfur-containing substances are mixed and deoxidized, and an anaerobic culture is carried out, to fix arsenic by the biochar activated by potassium carbonate. The present disclosure solves the problems that arsenic is released from the soil and groundwater under anaerobic conditions, the ability of conventional passivating agents to fix arsenic under anaerobic conditions is weakened, and the conventional carbonaceous materials not only cannot fix arsenic, but also accelerate the release of anaerobic arsenic.

A system and method for torrefying a combination of biomass and biochar colloidal dispersion is provided.