The present disclosure relates generally to novel biomass pyrolysis processes and systems that decrease entrainment of char and other contaminants with the pyrolysis vapors as a direct consequence of the biomass feedstock comprising particles that are larger than a defined minimum diameter. The biomass feedstock may optionally be compressed to form feedstock pellets that are larger than a defined minimum diameter.

The present disclosure relates generally to novel biomass pyrolysis processes and systems that decrease entrainment of char and other contaminants with the pyrolysis vapors as a direct consequence of the biomass feedstock comprising particles that are larger than a defined minimum diameter. The biomass feedstock may optionally be compressed to form feedstock pellets that are larger than a defined minimum diameter.

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing hydrogen-rich gas by solid organics. For example, solid organic raw materials are heated in a pyrolysis reaction device to perform pyrolysis reaction, and gaseous product generated from the pyrolysis reaction performs gasification with steam in a moving bed gasification reaction device to generate hydrogen-rich product. The present disclosure also provides a system for preparing hydrogen-rich gas by solid organics, and the system may include a solid heat carrier grading-dedusting device; a pyrolysis reaction device; a moving bed gasification reaction device; and a riser and combustion reactor. The present disclosure may operate at atmospheric pressure, and the technology is simple and suitable for the gasification and co-gasification of various high-volatile solid organics, such as raw materials containing a relatively large amount of moisture, mineral substance, and sulfur content.

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing hydrogen-rich gas by solid organics. For example, solid organic raw materials are heated in a pyrolysis reaction device to perform pyrolysis reaction, and gaseous product generated from the pyrolysis reaction performs gasification with steam in a moving bed gasification reaction device to generate hydrogen-rich product. The present disclosure also provides a system for preparing hydrogen-rich gas by solid organics, and the system may include a solid heat carrier grading-dedusting device; a pyrolysis reaction device; a moving bed gasification reaction device; and a riser and combustion reactor. The present disclosure may operate at atmospheric pressure, and the technology is simple and suitable for the gasification and co-gasification of various high-volatile solid organics, such as raw materials containing a relatively large amount of moisture, mineral substance, and sulfur content.

A method of modifying a biobased feedstock derived from agricultural resources and specifically from the non-distillate products of fermentation-derived renewable fuel and distilled spirit processes. The pyrolytic modification of biobased feedstocks results in materials that are thermally stable and better suited for subsequent melt processing in a polymer matrix.

A method of modifying a biobased feedstock derived from agricultural resources and specifically from the non-distillate products of fermentation-derived renewable fuel and distilled spirit processes. The pyrolytic modification of biobased feedstocks results in materials that are thermally stable and better suited for subsequent melt processing in a polymer matrix.

In some variations, the invention provides a biocarbon pellet comprising: 35 wt % to 99 wt % of a biogenic reagent, wherein the biogenic reagent comprises, on a dry basis, at least 60 wt % carbon; 0 wt % to 35 wt % water moisture; and 1 wt % to 30 wt % of a binder, wherein the biocarbon pellet is characterized by an adjustable Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) from about 30 to about 120, as shown in the Examples. The pellet HGI is adjustable by controlling process conditions and the pellet binder. The binder can be an organic binder or an inorganic binder. The carbon is renewable as determined from a measurement of the .sup.14C/.sup.12C isotopic ratio. Many processes of making and using the biocarbon pellets are described. Applications of the biocarbon pellets include pulverized coal boilers, furnaces for making metals such as iron or silicon, and gasifiers for producing reducing gas.

A process is described for producing a BTX cut from biomass comprising at least one step of catalytic pyrolysis of said biomass in a fluidized-bed reactor in which a stream comprising at least one oxygenated compound selected from alcohols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, alcohol acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, diols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, carboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, ethers having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, aldehydes having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, esters having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and glycerol, alone or mixed, is fed into the catalytic pyrolysis reactor.

A process is described for producing a BTX cut from biomass comprising at least one step of catalytic pyrolysis of said biomass in a fluidized-bed reactor in which a stream comprising at least one oxygenated compound selected from alcohols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, alcohol acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, diols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, carboxylic acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, ethers having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, aldehydes having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, esters having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and glycerol, alone or mixed, is fed into the catalytic pyrolysis reactor.

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.