In accordance with the present invention, disclosed herein is a method comprising the steps for producing lower molecular weight hydrocarbons. Also disclosed herein, is a system utilized to produce low molecular weight hydrocarbons.

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less.

A method of loading material within a microchannel device, the method comprising: (a) loading particulates into a plurality of microchannels; and, (b) ultrasonically packing the particulates into the plurality of microchannels using a portable, compact ultrasonic densification unit.

The present invention provides a paraffin wax having a congealing point according to ASTM D938 of at least 100 C. and a Saybolt colour according to ASTM D156 of at least 25 cm.

Synthesis gas containing nitrogen as the majority component is processed to increase the hydrogen to carbon dioxide ratio. Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other contaminants are subsequently removed by a purification unit to produce a purified hydrogen gas stream. A recycle stream within the purification unit helps achieve a hydrogen purity greater than 99.9 percent, and hydrogen recovery greater than 99 percent.

Methods and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.

Method for starting up a method for producing kerosene and diesel fuel from hydrocarbon compounds produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The start-up method employs catalytic reaction of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with a synthesis gas for producing a heavy hydrocarbon fraction and a light hydrocarbon fraction, a reduction (RE) reducing a hydrotreatment catalyst by ensuring contact with a gas comprising hydrogen, bringing the heavy hydrocarbon fraction into contact with the hydrotreatment catalyst (DM). During the step for ensuring contact, the temperature (TEMP) of the catalyst is increased to a temperature of between 260 C. and 360 C. Then, (TR) bringing a mixture comprising the heavy hydrocarbon fraction and the light hydrocarbon fraction into contact with the hydrotreatment catalyst is carried out.

The invention relates to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a compact version. A compact reactor comprises a housing, rectangular reaction channels inside the housing, which are filled with a cobalt catalyst, synthesis gas injection nozzles in the number determined by the ratio of the number of channels to the number of synthesis gas injection nozzles, an input and output nozzle for heat transfer medium on which a pressure controller installed, and an assembly for withdrawing synthetic hydrocarbons. The cobalt catalyst is activated by passing hydrogen through it. Synthetic hydrocarbons are produced by passing synthesis gas through the reaction channels filled with the activated cobalt catalyst. The space velocity of synthesis gas is increased every 300-500 h, followed by returning to the initial process conditions. This provides a high-molecular-weight hydrocarbon output per unit mass of the reactor.

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.

Porous, extruded titania-based materials further comprising mesopores and macropores and/or prepared using one or more porogens, Fischer-tropsch catalysts comprising them, uses of the foregoing, processes for making and using the same and products obtained from such processes.