A process for producing a gas stream comprising carbon monoxide comprising the steps of (a) feeding a gas mixture comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen to a burner and combusting it with a sub-stoichiometric amount of an oxygen gas stream to form a combusted gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and steam, (b) passing the combusted gas mixture through a bed of reverse water-gas shift catalyst to form a crude product gas mixture containing carbon monoxide, steam, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, (c) cooling the crude product gas mixture to below the dew point and recovering a condensate to form a dewatered product gas, (d) removing carbon dioxide from the dewatered product gas in a carbon dioxide removal unit to form the gas stream comprising carbon monoxide, and (e) combining carbon dioxide recovered by the carbon dioxide removal unit with the gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

The present invention generally relates to improved catalysts that provide for reduced product contaminants, related methods and improved reaction products. It more specifically relates to improved direct fuel production and redox catalysts that provide for reduced levels of certain oxygenated contaminants, methods related to the use of those catalysts, and hydrocarbon fuel or fuel-related products that have improved characteristics. In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of converting one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into one or more hydrocarbon liquid fuels. The method includes the steps of: converting the one or more carbon-containing feedstocks into syngas; and, converting the syngas to one or more hydrocarbons (including liquid fuels) and a water fraction. The water fraction comprises less than 500 ppm of one or more carboxylic acids.

To encode High Dynamic Range (HDR) images, the HDR images can be converted to Low Dynamic Range (LDR) images through tone mapping operation, and the LDR images can be encoded with an LDR encoder. The present principles formulates a rate distortion minimization problem when designing the tone mapping curve. In particular, the tone mapping curve is formulated as a function of the probability distribution function of the HDR images to be encoded and a Lagrangian multiplier that depends on encoding parameters. At the decoder, based on the parameters indicative of the tone mapping function, an inverse tone mapping function can be derived to reconstruct HDR images from decoded LDR images.

Synthesis gas containing nitrogen as the majority component is processed to increase the hydrogen to carbon dioxide ratio. Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other contaminants are subsequently removed by a purification unit to produce a purified hydrogen gas stream. A recycle stream within the purification unit helps achieve a hydrogen purity greater than 99.9 percent, and hydrogen recovery greater than 99 percent.

The technology relates to a method of producing synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H.sub.2), wherein the synthesis gas is produced by a reduction reaction of a first flow comprising a carbon source and an excess of hydrogen in contact with an Oxy-flame. The hydrogen comes from a reducing stream, a first portion of which ends up in the first flow, and a second part of which is used to generate the Oxy-flame by combustion of the hydrogen in the presence of a second flow comprising oxygen (O.sub.2), the second flow coming from an oxidizing stream. The first flow and the second flow are at a distance from each other such that the Oxy-flame supports the reaction between the carbon source and the hydrogen. A reactor, which can have different configurations, is also proposed for implementing the method.

Method and plant for producing a synthesis gas for use in the production of a hydrocarbon product, particularly a synthetic fuel, comprising: providing a hydrocarbon feed gas, providing a first oxygen rich stream by passing air through an air separation unit (ASU), carrying out autothermal reforming of said hydrocarbon feed gas in an autothermal reforming (ATR) unit, said autothermal reforming including using at least a portion of said first oxygen containing stream, providing at least part of said synthesis gas to a synthetic fuel synthesis unit for converting said synthesis gas into said hydrocarbon product and producing a tail gas, recycling part or the entirety of said tail gas to upstream said ATR, providing a first hydrogen rich stream and a second oxygen rich stream, and adding at least a portion of said first hydrogen rich stream to said synthesis gas prior to entering said synthetic fuel synthesis unit.

Proposed is a carbon dioxide conversion system and method. More particularly, proposed is an eco-friendly carbon dioxide conversion system and method, the system and the method returning, in the recycling of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction off-gas, a part of the off-gas to a Fischer-Tropsch reactor and producing a synthetic natural gas through methanation of the remainder of the off-gas, thereby improving overall energy efficiency and carbon efficiency, and thus a useful hydrocarbon fuel is produced from carbon dioxide, thereby providing a carbon dioxide-reducing effect.

A process for the production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) with low carbon intensity. The jet fuel is produced from the reaction of hydrogen from the electrolysis of water with captured carbon dioxide. The hydrogen and carbon dioxide are reacted to product a stream comprising carbon monoxide. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are reacted to produce n-alkanes. Alkanes are hydroisomerized to produce sustainable aviation fuel with low carbon intensity.

Systems and methods are provided for integration of electrolysis with biomass gasification to generate synthesis gas that can be used for production of renewable fuels and/or other hydrocarbonaceous compounds. The hydrocarbonaceous compounds can include compounds formed by chemical synthesis, such as alkanes formed by a Fischer-Tropsch process or methanol formed by a methanol synthesis process; or the hydrocarbonaceous compounds can include compounds formed by fermentation, such as alcohols formed by micro-organisms that use the synthesis gas as an input feed.

Method and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.