An aspect of the present disclosure is a method that includes contacting an oxygenated compound and hydrogen (H.sub.2) with a solid catalyst, where the solid catalyst includes a metal carbide that includes a first transition metal, and the contacting converts at least a portion of the oxygenated compound to a deoxygenated compound. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the metal carbide may include at least one of Mo.sub.2C and/or W.sub.2C.

The invention relates generally to methods for the production of biofuels from organic matter, the methods comprising treating the organic matter with an aqueous solvent and at least one additional catalyst under conditions of heat and pressure. The invention also relates to biofuel products obtainable by the methods.

Processes and reactor systems are provided for the conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbons to hydrocarbons, ketones and alcohols useful as liquid fuels, such as gasoline, jet fuel or diesel fuel, and industrial chemicals. The process involves the conversion of mono-oxygenated hydrocarbons to aromatics and gasoline range hydrocarbons where the oxygenated hydrocarbons are derived from biomass.

A system and method produce hydrocarbons from biomass by fluid catalytic cracking. In one embodiment, the system is a fluid catalytic cracking system. The system includes a riser. The riser contains a catalyst. The system also includes a biological feed comprising biomass-derived liquid for the riser. In addition, the system includes a hydrocarbon feed comprising hydrocarbons for the riser. The biological feed and the hydrocarbons react in the riser in the presence of the catalyst to convert at least a portion of the biological feed and the hydrocarbons to hydrocarbon products. The hydrocarbon products comprise a concentration of oxygen from about 0.005 wt. % to about 6 wt. %.

The present invention relates to an isomerisation catalyst, in particular a zeolite catalyst. There is provided a method for making a particularly preferred zeolite catalyst by means of modifying catalytic zeolite materials. There is also provided a 5 process for isomerising fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof to produce branched fatty acids employing such an isomerisation catalyst, a composition comprising branched fatty acids, and also use of the isomerisation catalyst.

A process plant and a process for production of a hydrocarbon fraction suitable for use as jet fuel from a feedstock being a renewable feedstock or an oxygenate feedstock, including combining the feedstock with an amount of a hydrocracked intermediate product and optionally an additional liquid diluent, to form a combined feedstock, directing the combined feedstock to contact a material catalytically active in hydrodeoxygenation under hydrotreating conditions to provide a hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product, separating the hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product in at least two fractions; a vapor fraction and a liquid fraction, directing at least an amount of the liquid fraction to contact a material catalytically active in isomerization under isomerization conditions to provide an isomerized intermediate product, fractionating said isomerized intermediate product to provide at least a hydrocarbon suitable for use as jet fuel and a bottom fraction, hydrocracking the bottom fraction to provide the hydrocracked intermediate product.

Disclosed is a method of preparing a drilling fluid and lube base oil using biomass-derived fatty acid, including hydrogenating a fatty acid mixture derived from fat of biological origin so as to be converted into a fatty alcohol mixture, which is then dehydrated to give a C16 and C18 linear internal olefin mixture, which is then oligomerized to give olefinic lube base oil, followed by hydrofinishing to remove the olefin, yielding high-quality lube base oil (e.g. Group III or higher lube base oil). The C16 and C18 linear internal olefin mixture, which is a reaction intermediate, can be utilized as a high-quality drilling fluid.

A renewable fuel may be obtained from a bio-oil containing C.sub.3-C.sub.5 oxygenates. In a first step, the bio-oil is subjected to a condensation reaction in which the oxygenates undergo a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction to produce a stream containing C.sub.6+ oxygenates. In a second step, the stream is hydrotreated to produce C.sub.6+ hydrocarbons.

The present invention relates to the field of biomass derived fuels. It further relates to thermochemical production of liquids (biooils) from biomass. Specifically the present invention relates to methods of upgrading biooil. More specifically it relates to a method for upgrading biooil comprising contacting a dispersed mixture of hydrocarbon liquids, biooil, and partially upgraded biooil, with a transition metal containing catalyst and hydrogen gas at a temperature of around 330 C. and a pressure of about 1700 psi (11.7 MPa) for a period of time sufficient to reduce the oxygen content of the biooil such that it separates on cooling into an aqueous phase and an organic phase, and optionally, to further subject the organic phase to hydrotreating, hydrocracking or catalytic cracking to produce a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling in the range of gasoline, diesel and jet fuel.

Processes are provided for conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbon, such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether, to aromatics, such as a para-xylene, and olefins, such as ethylene and propylene. The processes entail using a reactor having multiple reaction zones where each zone is prepared to promote desired reactions.