Processes herein may be used to thermally crack various hydrocarbon feeds, and may eliminate the refinery altogether while making the crude to chemicals process very flexible in terms of crude. In embodiments herein, crude is progressively separated into at least light and heavy fractions. Depending on the quality of the light and heavy fractions, these are routed to one of three upgrading operations, including a fixed bed hydroconversion unit, a fluidized catalytic conversion unit, or a residue hydrocracking unit that may utilize an ebullated bed reactor. Products from the upgrading operations may be used as feed to a steam cracker.

There is a formulation and a method for inhibiting carbon-based deposits on metal substrate. The method comprises the use of a formulation comprising at least one oxidizing agent and at least one etchant capable of forming free metal ions from the metal substrate, at least one sequestering agent having a ligand capable of forming a complex with the free metal ions and at least one chelating agent having a ligand capable of complexing with at least one surface metal atom.

Methods and systems for using temperature measurements taken from a compact insulated skin thermowell to optimize a pyrolysis reaction are provided. In the present systems and methods, the upstream temperature and the upstream pressure of a pyrolysis reactor is measured through an adiabatic restriction in the inlet manifold of a parallel tube assembly to provide an absolute upstream temperature and an upstream pressure. The downstream temperature of the pyrolysis reactor is also measured following an adiabatic restriction to provide an absolute downstream temperature. The downstream pressure is then determined by multiplying the absolute upstream pressure with the quotient of the downstream temperature divided by the upstream temperature as taken to the power of k/k−1, where k is the ratio of fluid specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) to fluid specific heat at constant volume (Cv).

Methods and systems for using temperature measurements taken from a compact insulated skin thermowell to optimize a pyrolysis reaction are provided. In the present systems and methods, the upstream temperature and the upstream pressure of a pyrolysis reactor is measured through an adiabatic restriction in the inlet manifold of a parallel tube assembly to provide an absolute upstream temperature and an upstream pressure. The downstream temperature of the pyrolysis reactor is also measured following an adiabatic restriction to provide an absolute downstream temperature. The downstream pressure is then determined by multiplying the absolute upstream pressure with the quotient of the downstream temperature divided by the upstream temperature as taken to the power of k/k−1, where k is the ratio of fluid specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) to fluid specific heat at constant volume (Cv).

A method for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment, comprising removing at least a portion of the coke deposit from the internal surface using a flexible pig comprising a plurality of bristles, without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface of the process equipment. A flexible pig for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface, comprising a flexible body formed of a polymeric material, and a plurality of bristles partially encapsulated by the polymeric material of the flexible body.

The present invention provides a metal cavity inwall decoking method, comprising: a. Process sealed compression to the metal cavity; b. Process rapid decompression to the metal cavity.

The present invention makes such substance as hydrocarbon volatiles, moisture and so on inside the coke gasify quickly because of fierce change of pressure differential by compressing and then decompressing the metal cavity rapidly, which makes the coke crush and fall off from the inwall of metal cavity and finally finish the decoking work. The decoking method claimed in the present invention is simply and convenient to operate, and can greatly increase the decoking efficiency.

Disclosed are sulfur-containing molybdenum complexes used in compositions and methods for inhibiting or reducing the deposition of foulant on equipment.

Direct reduction process and plant for producing DRI comprising a reduction reactor and at least one reducing gas heater typically comprising a convective heating section and a radiant heating section for raising the reducing gas temperature to a level adequate for iron oxides reduction to metallic iron, typically above 850° C., wherein the reducing gas fed to the reduction reactor comprises a stream of reducing gas recycled from the reduction reactor and a make-up stream of coke oven gas containing carbon compounds which may form carbon deposits in the heating path of said heater, namely BTX and other complex carbon compounds. The heater is provided with means for feeding oxidizing agents, for example steam, steam and air and/or oxygen at predetermined heating tubes successively for eliminating the carbon deposits which may form inside the heating tubes of said heater without interrupting the operation of the plant. The make-up stream of cold COG can be combined with the recycled gas at a point in the gas heating path of the heater where the tubes have a skin wall temperature of at least 700° C., or when the mixture of recycled gas and COG is at a temperature above 700° C. for minimizing clogging or fouling of heating equipment.

Direct reduction process and plant for producing DRI comprising a reduction reactor and at least one reducing gas heater typically comprising a convective heating section and a radiant heating section for raising the reducing gas temperature to a level adequate for iron oxides reduction to metallic iron, typically above 850° C., wherein the reducing gas fed to the reduction reactor comprises a stream of reducing gas recycled from the reduction reactor and a make-up stream of coke oven gas containing carbon compounds which may form carbon deposits in the heating path of said heater, namely BTX and other complex carbon compounds. The heater is provided with means for feeding oxidizing agents, for example steam, steam and air and/or oxygen at predetermined heating tubes successively for eliminating the carbon deposits which may form inside the heating tubes of said heater without interrupting the operation of the plant. The make-up stream of cold COG can be combined with the recycled gas at a point in the gas heating path of the heater where the tubes have a skin wall temperature of at least 700° C., or when the mixture of recycled gas and COG is at a temperature above 700° C. for minimizing clogging or fouling of heating equipment.

An integrated slurry hydroprocessing and steam pyrolosyis process for the production of olefins and aromatic petrochemicals from a crude oil feedstock is provided. Crude oil, a steam pyrolysis residual liquid fraction and slurry reside are combined and treated in a hydroprocessing zone in the presence of hydrogen under conditions effective to produce an effluent having an increased hydrogen content. The effluent is thermally cracked with steam under conditions effective to produce a mixed product stream and steam pyrolysis residual liquid fraction. The mixed product stream is separated and olefins and aromatics are recovered and hydrogen is purified and recycled.