Processes to selectively crack alkyne compounds from a hydrocarbon stream including olefinic and di-olefinic compounds are described. The process includes contacting the hydrocarbon stream with a supported CuO catalyst under conditions sufficient to crack the alkynes to form a product stream that included cracked compounds and further separating the cracked organic compounds from the hydrocarbon stream.

Processes to selectively crack alkyne compounds from a hydrocarbon stream including olefinic and di-olefinic compounds are described. The process includes contacting the hydrocarbon stream with a supported CuO catalyst under conditions sufficient to crack the alkynes to form a product stream that included cracked compounds and further separating the cracked organic compounds from the hydrocarbon stream.

The present disclosure provides processes to convert paraffins to corresponding olefins and or heavier hydrocarbons. In at least one embodiment, a process includes introducing, at a temperature of from about 50 C. to about 500 C., a hydrocarbon feed comprising paraffins to a first metal oxide comprising one or more group 1 to group 17 metal and one or more oxygen. The process includes obtaining a product mixture comprising one or more C3-C50 cyclic olefins, one or more C2-050 acyclic olefins, one or more C5-C200 hydrocarbons, such as one or more C5-C100 hydrocarbons, or a mixture thereof. In at least one embodiment, the product mixture is substantially free of H2 (e.g., <500 ppm). The introducing can reduce the first metal oxide to form a second metal oxide. Processes may include introducing the second metal oxide to an oxidizing agent to form the first metal oxide.

The present disclosure provides processes to convert paraffins to corresponding olefins and or heavier hydrocarbons. In at least one embodiment, a process includes introducing, at a temperature of from about 50 C. to about 500 C., a hydrocarbon feed comprising paraffins to a first metal oxide comprising one or more group 1 to group 17 metal and one or more oxygen. The process includes obtaining a product mixture comprising one or more C3-C50 cyclic olefins, one or more C2-050 acyclic olefins, one or more C5-C200 hydrocarbons, such as one or more C5-C100 hydrocarbons, or a mixture thereof. In at least one embodiment, the product mixture is substantially free of H2 (e.g., <500 ppm). The introducing can reduce the first metal oxide to form a second metal oxide. Processes may include introducing the second metal oxide to an oxidizing agent to form the first metal oxide.

A method of cracking a hydrocarbon feed under fluid catalytic cracking conditions includes adding FCC compatible inorganic particles having a first particle type including one or more boron oxide components and a first matrix component into a FCC unit and adding cracking microspheres having a second particle type including a second matrix component, a phosphorus component and 20% to 95% by weight of a zeolite component into the FCC unit.

A method of cracking a hydrocarbon feed under fluid catalytic cracking conditions includes adding FCC compatible inorganic particles having a first particle type including one or more boron oxide components and a first matrix component into a FCC unit and adding cracking microspheres having a second particle type including a second matrix component, a phosphorus component and 20% to 95% by weight of a zeolite component into the FCC unit.

Flash chemical ionizing pyrolysis (FCIP) at 450 C.-600 C. forms liquid ionizing pyrolyzate (LIP) that can be blended in oil feedstock for thermal processes to promote conversion of heavier hydrocarbons to reduce resid/coke yields and/or increase yields of liquid hydrocarbons and isomerates. A front-end refinery process modifies crude oil with LIP for distillation to reduce resid/coke yields and/or increase liquid oil yields. A downstream process modifies a heavy oil stream such as resid with LIP and the LIP-modified stream can be thermally processed to reduce resid/coke yields and/or increase liquid oil yields. FCIP of the LIP blends also improves quality and/or yields of the liquid pyrolyzate product. Finely divided FCIP solids can contain FeCl.sub.3 supported on NaCl-treated calcium bentonite. A process for preparing the FCIP solids treats iron with HCl and HNO.sub.3 to form acidified FeCl.sub.3 of limited solubility, loads the FeCl.sub.3 on NaCl-treated bentonite, and heat-treats the material at 400 C.-425 C.

Flash chemical ionizing pyrolysis (FCIP) at 450 C.-600 C. forms liquid ionizing pyrolyzate (LIP) that can be blended in oil feedstock for thermal processes to promote conversion of heavier hydrocarbons to reduce resid/coke yields and/or increase yields of liquid hydrocarbons and isomerates. A front-end refinery process modifies crude oil with LIP for distillation to reduce resid/coke yields and/or increase liquid oil yields. A downstream process modifies a heavy oil stream such as resid with LIP and the LIP-modified stream can be thermally processed to reduce resid/coke yields and/or increase liquid oil yields. FCIP of the LIP blends also improves quality and/or yields of the liquid pyrolyzate product. Finely divided FCIP solids can contain FeCl.sub.3 supported on NaCl-treated calcium bentonite. A process for preparing the FCIP solids treats iron with HCl and HNO.sub.3 to form acidified FeCl.sub.3 of limited solubility, loads the FeCl.sub.3 on NaCl-treated bentonite, and heat-treats the material at 400 C.-425 C.

A family of highly charged crystalline microporous metallophosphate molecular sieves designated PST-17 has been synthesized. These metallophosphates are represented by the empirical formula of:
R.sup.p+.sub.rA.sub.m.sup.+M.sub.xE.sub.yPO.sub.z
where A is an alkali metal such as potassium, R is a quaternary ammonium cation such as ethyltrimethylammonium, M is a divalent metal such as zinc and E is a trivalent framework element such as aluminum or gallium. The PST-17 family of molecular sieves are stabilized by combinations of alkali and organoammonium cations, enabling unique metalloalumino(gallo)phosphate compositions and exhibit the BPH topology. The PST-17 family of molecular sieves has catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes and separation properties for separating at least one component.

A family of highly charged crystalline microporous metallophosphate molecular sieves designated PST-17 has been synthesized. These metallophosphates are represented by the empirical formula of:
R.sup.p+.sub.rA.sub.m.sup.+M.sub.xE.sub.yPO.sub.z
where A is an alkali metal such as potassium, R is a quaternary ammonium cation such as ethyltrimethylammonium, M is a divalent metal such as zinc and E is a trivalent framework element such as aluminum or gallium. The PST-17 family of molecular sieves are stabilized by combinations of alkali and organoammonium cations, enabling unique metalloalumino(gallo)phosphate compositions and exhibit the BPH topology. The PST-17 family of molecular sieves has catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes and separation properties for separating at least one component.