Provided is a conversion process for an inferior oil, relating to the field of biomass utilization, energy and chemical industry. The conversion process is carried out in presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of an iron oxide compound, a desulfurization waste agent resulting from use of an iron oxide compound as desulfurizer, and a regeneration product of the desulfurization waste agent, under a controlled molar ratio of iron element to sulfur element. It is found that free radical condensation polymerization of inferior oil during cracking process can be blocked effectively by using carbonylation, and hydrogenation is achieved with active hydrogen produced from the conversion of CO and water. In the conversion process, inferior oil can be, directly converted, thereby increasing liquefaction yield and calorific value of the obtained oils. No large amount of waste water is generated after completion of the conversion.

The present invention relates to a catalyst system comprising: i. a first layer of a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst, the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprising: a first composition comprising a platinum group metal on a solid support; and a second composition comprising a transition metal on an inorganic support; ii. a second layer comprising a cracking catalyst; and to a process for conversion of a hydrocarbon feed utilizing this catalyst system.

This invention relates to a catalyst system comprising (a) at least one layer of a first catalyst comprising a dehydrogenation active metal on a solid support; (b) at least one layer of a second catalyst comprising a metal oxide; and (c) at least one layer of a third catalyst comprising a transition metal on an inorganic support; wherein the at least one layer of a second catalyst is sandwiched between the at least one layer of a first catalyst and the at least one layer of a third catalyst; and a process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon feed with the catalyst system.

This invention relates to a catalyst system comprising (a) at least one layer of a first catalyst comprising a dehydrogenation active metal on a solid support; (b) at least one layer of a second catalyst comprising a metal oxide; and (c) at least one layer of a third catalyst comprising a transition metal on an inorganic support; wherein the at least one layer of a second catalyst is sandwiched between the at least one layer of a first catalyst and the at least one layer of a third catalyst; and a process comprising contacting a hydrocarbon feed with the catalyst system.

An emulsion and system for catalytic pyrolysis can include a mixture of 100 parts by weight heavy oil, 5 to 100 parts by weight water, and 1 to 20 parts by weight solid catalyst particulates, which can include an oxide or acid addition salt of a Group 3-16 metal on a mineral support, such as ferric chloride on bentonite. Also, a pyrolysis system can include a charge of the emulsion, a transfer line to supply the emulsion to a pyrolysis chamber, a combustion gas source to supply a combustion gas to heat the pyrolysis chamber, a control system to maintain the pyrolysis chamber at a temperature, pressure and residence time to form a pyrolyzate vapor phase, and a vapor line to receive the pyrolyzate vapor phase from the pyrolysis chamber.

An emulsion and system for catalytic pyrolysis can include a mixture of 100 parts by weight heavy oil, 5 to 100 parts by weight water, and 1 to 20 parts by weight solid catalyst particulates, which can include an oxide or acid addition salt of a Group 3-16 metal on a mineral support, such as ferric chloride on bentonite. Also, a pyrolysis system can include a charge of the emulsion, a transfer line to supply the emulsion to a pyrolysis chamber, a combustion gas source to supply a combustion gas to heat the pyrolysis chamber, a control system to maintain the pyrolysis chamber at a temperature, pressure and residence time to form a pyrolyzate vapor phase, and a vapor line to receive the pyrolyzate vapor phase from the pyrolysis chamber.

Provided here are zirconium-substituted hierarchical zeolite compositions and methods of preparing such catalytic compositions. One such method involves subjecting the zirconium-substituted zeolite to a framework modification process using a single template to produce a framework-modified zeolite, followed by subjecting the framework-modified zeolite to an ion exchange process to produce a hierarchical zeolite composition. Also provided are methods of catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks using these zirconium-substituted hierarchical zeolite compositions.

Provided here are zirconium-substituted hierarchical zeolite compositions and methods of preparing such catalytic compositions. One such method involves subjecting the zirconium-substituted zeolite to a framework modification process using a single template to produce a framework-modified zeolite, followed by subjecting the framework-modified zeolite to an ion exchange process to produce a hierarchical zeolite composition. Also provided are methods of catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks using these zirconium-substituted hierarchical zeolite compositions.

The present invention relates to catalyst product, a method of making a catalyst and its use in fluid catalytic conversion process. In particular, this invention relates to a process for the preparation of CO-combustion promoter microspheres, comprising a large crystallite low surface area alumina; a composite binder comprising nano-crystallite alumina and dispersant; and platinum or palladium or both. The large crystallite low surface area alumina is bound together by the composite binder in the said particulate composition.

The present invention relates to catalyst product, a method of making a catalyst and its use in fluid catalytic conversion process. In particular, this invention relates to a process for the preparation of CO-combustion promoter microspheres, comprising a large crystallite low surface area alumina; a composite binder comprising nano-crystallite alumina and dispersant; and platinum or palladium or both. The large crystallite low surface area alumina is bound together by the composite binder in the said particulate composition.