Systems and methods are provided for using size-reversing materials in vessels where direct heating is used to at least partially provide heat for reforming reactions under cyclic reforming conditions. An example of a size-reversing material is the combination of NiO and Al.sub.2O.sub.3. It has been discovered that size-reversing materials can undergo a phase transition that can assist with re-dispersion of metal at elevated temperatures. This can assist with maintaining catalytic activity for reforming over longer time periods in the presence of cyclic reforming conditions.

Systems and methods are provided for using size-reversing materials in vessels where direct heating is used to at least partially provide heat for reforming reactions under cyclic reforming conditions. An example of a size-reversing material is the combination of NiO and Al.sub.2O.sub.3. It has been discovered that size-reversing materials can undergo a phase transition that can assist with re-dispersion of metal at elevated temperatures. This can assist with maintaining catalytic activity for reforming over longer time periods in the presence of cyclic reforming conditions.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum processing, and specifically relates to a method for preparing a catalyst for inferior residual oil suspended bed hydrocracking. Using sol-gel method and hydrothermal method, a mesoporous γ-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 catalyst suitable for inferior residual oil suspended bed hydrocracking with a high specific surface area was prepared, based on FeCl.sub.3.6H.sub.2O, Fe.sub.2(SO.sub.4).sub.3.xH.sub.2O as inorganic iron source, and cheap sawdust powder as template. The present invention proposes to prepare a γ-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 material with a mesoporous structure, a high specific surface area and a high pore volume using cheap raw materials and a simple and green synthesis process. The material as a catalyst has a good application effect in the heavy oil suspended bed hydrocracking reaction with a small amount, therefore having good commercial and industrial application value.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum processing, and specifically relates to a method for preparing a catalyst for inferior residual oil suspended bed hydrocracking. Using sol-gel method and hydrothermal method, a mesoporous γ-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 catalyst suitable for inferior residual oil suspended bed hydrocracking with a high specific surface area was prepared, based on FeCl.sub.3.6H.sub.2O, Fe.sub.2(SO.sub.4).sub.3.xH.sub.2O as inorganic iron source, and cheap sawdust powder as template. The present invention proposes to prepare a γ-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 material with a mesoporous structure, a high specific surface area and a high pore volume using cheap raw materials and a simple and green synthesis process. The material as a catalyst has a good application effect in the heavy oil suspended bed hydrocracking reaction with a small amount, therefore having good commercial and industrial application value.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for producing light olefins from C4-C7 hydrocarbons from catalytic cracking reaction and the production process of light olefins from said catalyst, wherein said catalyst has core-shell structure comprising a zeolite core with mole ratio of silicon to aluminium (Si/Al) between 2 to 250 and layered double hydroxide shell (LDH). The catalyst according to the invention provides high percent conversion of substrate to products and high selectivity to light olefins product.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for producing light olefins from C4-C7 hydrocarbons from catalytic cracking reaction and the production process of light olefins from said catalyst, wherein said catalyst has core-shell structure comprising a zeolite core with mole ratio of silicon to aluminium (Si/Al) between 2 to 250 and layered double hydroxide shell (LDH). The catalyst according to the invention provides high percent conversion of substrate to products and high selectivity to light olefins product.

The present invention relates to a catalyst system comprising: i. a first layer of a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst, the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprising: a first composition comprising a platinum group metal on a solid support; and a second composition comprising a transition metal on an inorganic support; ii. a second layer comprising a cracking catalyst; and to a process for conversion of a hydrocarbon feed utilizing this catalyst system.

Novel catalysts comprising nickel oxide nanoparticles supported on alumina nanoparticles, methods of their manufacture, heavy oil compositions contacted by these nanocatalysts and methods of their use are disclosed. The novel nanocatalysts are useful, inter alia, in the upgrading of heavy oil fractions or as aids in oil recovery from steam-assisted well reservoirs.

Novel catalysts comprising nickel oxide nanoparticles supported on alumina nanoparticles, methods of their manufacture, heavy oil compositions contacted by these nanocatalysts and methods of their use are disclosed. The novel nanocatalysts are useful, inter alia, in the upgrading of heavy oil fractions or as aids in oil recovery from steam-assisted well reservoirs.

Processes and catalyst systems are disclosed for performing Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis to produce C.sub.4.sup.+ hydrocarbons, such as gasoline boiling-range hydrocarbons and/or diesel boiling-range hydrocarbons. Advantageously, catalyst systems described herein have additional activity (beyond FT activity) for in situ hydroisomerization and/or hydrocracking of wax that is generated according to the distribution of hydrocarbons obtained from the FT synthesis reaction. This not only improves the yield of hydrocarbons (e.g., C.sub.4-19 hydrocarbons) that are useful for transportation fuels, but also allows for alternative reactor types, such as a fluidized bed reactor.