A method of catalytically cracking liquid hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method includes the use of one or more radial flow moving bed reactors. The method may include mixing a liquid hydrocarbon stream comprising primarily C5 and C6 hydrocarbons with water or a dry gas to form a feed mixture and flowing the feed mixture into the one or more radial flow moving bed reactors in a manner so that the feed mixture flows radially inward or radially outward through the moving catalyst bed and thereby contacts the catalyst particles under reaction conditions to produce a hydrocarbon stream comprising light olefins (C2 to C4 olefins).

The present invention provides a process for a production of light olefins and aromatics from cracked light naphtha by selective cracking. The present invention thus provides a process for up grading cracked olefinic naphtha to high value petrochemical feed stocks. This process is based on catalytic cracking in which the catalyst activity is optimized by depositing coke for production of light olefins and aromatics. The proposed process has high flexibility and can be operated either in maximizing olefins as reflected from the PIE ratio or in maximizing aromatics (BTX) at different modes of operation depending upon the product requirement.

Flash chemical ionizing pyrolysis (FCIP) at 450 C.-600 C. forms liquid ionizing pyrolyzate (LIP) that can be blended in oil feedstock for thermal processes to promote conversion of heavier hydrocarbons to reduce resid/coke yields and/or increase yields of liquid hydrocarbons and isomerates. A front-end refinery process modifies crude oil with LIP for distillation to reduce resid/coke yields and/or increase liquid oil yields. A downstream process modifies a heavy oil stream such as resid with LIP and the LIP-modified stream can be thermally processed to reduce resid/coke yields and/or increase liquid oil yields. FCIP of the LIP blends also improves quality and/or yields of the liquid pyrolyzate product. Finely divided FCIP solids can contain FeCl.sub.3 supported on NaCl-treated calcium bentonite. A process for preparing the FCIP solids treats iron with HCl and HNO.sub.3 to form acidified FeCl.sub.3 of limited solubility, loads the FeCl.sub.3 on NaCl-treated bentonite, and heat-treats the material at 400 C.-425 C.

Flash chemical ionizing pyrolysis (FCIP) at 450 C.-600 C. forms liquid ionizing pyrolyzate (LIP) that can be blended in oil feedstock for thermal processes to promote conversion of heavier hydrocarbons to reduce resid/coke yields and/or increase yields of liquid hydrocarbons and isomerates. A front-end refinery process modifies crude oil with LIP for distillation to reduce resid/coke yields and/or increase liquid oil yields. A downstream process modifies a heavy oil stream such as resid with LIP and the LIP-modified stream can be thermally processed to reduce resid/coke yields and/or increase liquid oil yields. FCIP of the LIP blends also improves quality and/or yields of the liquid pyrolyzate product. Finely divided FCIP solids can contain FeCl.sub.3 supported on NaCl-treated calcium bentonite. A process for preparing the FCIP solids treats iron with HCl and HNO.sub.3 to form acidified FeCl.sub.3 of limited solubility, loads the FeCl.sub.3 on NaCl-treated bentonite, and heat-treats the material at 400 C.-425 C.

The invention relates to a process for carrying out reactions on preheated particles, comprising: (a) providing particles in a buffer container; (b) feeding the particles from the buffer container into a reactor via a feed line; (c) withdrawing the particles from the reactor, wherein the particles are heated in the feed line.

The invention relates to a process for carrying out reactions on preheated particles, comprising: (a) providing particles in a buffer container; (b) feeding the particles from the buffer container into a reactor via a feed line; (c) withdrawing the particles from the reactor, wherein the particles are heated in the feed line.

System and method for producing olefins are disclosed. The method includes using a radial flow moving bed reactor system to catalytically crack paraffins, in multiple stages with continuous catalyst regeneration, to form olefins. The system includes inter-stage heaters to facilitate increase in yield of olefins.

System and method for producing olefins are disclosed. The method includes using a radial flow moving bed reactor system to catalytically crack paraffins, in multiple stages with continuous catalyst regeneration, to form olefins. The system includes inter-stage heaters to facilitate increase in yield of olefins.

A method that integrates a catalytic cracking process with a crude oil conversion to chemicals process is disclosed. The method may include contacting, in a catalytic cracking reactor, a mixture of the hydrocarbon stream comprising primarily C.sub.5 and C.sub.6 hydrocarbons from crude oil processing and a C.sub.4 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbon stream produced in a steam cracking unit with a catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to produce an effluent comprising olefins.

An emulsion and system for catalytic pyrolysis can include a mixture of 100 parts by weight heavy oil, 5 to 100 parts by weight water, and 1 to 20 parts by weight solid catalyst particulates, which can include an oxide or acid addition salt of a Group 3-16 metal on a mineral support, such as ferric chloride on bentonite. Also, a pyrolysis system can include a charge of the emulsion, a transfer line to supply the emulsion to a pyrolysis chamber, a combustion gas source to supply a combustion gas to heat the pyrolysis chamber, a control system to maintain the pyrolysis chamber at a temperature, pressure and residence time to form a pyrolyzate vapor phase, and a vapor line to receive the pyrolyzate vapor phase from the pyrolysis chamber.