An apparatus includes a riser reactor within the reaction vessel. The riser reactor defines a longitudinal axis and including a riser reactor inlet at one end and at least one riser reactor outlet at an opposite end. The apparatus includes a separation vessel including at least one separation chamber and at least one collection chamber distributed in an alternating manner about the longitudinal axis. Each separation chamber comprises two vertical lateral walls which also comprise a wall of an adjacent one of the at least one collection chamber. A lateral separation chamber outlet is defined in at least one of the vertical lateral walls to provide fluid and particle communication from the lateral separation chamber to the adjacent one of the at least one collection chamber. The separation vessel includes at least one collection chamber deflector positioned in the at least one collection chamber.

An apparatus comprising a feed distributor comprising a side cluster of orifices instead of or in combination with an end cluster of orifices for distributing hydrocarbon feed into a catalyst stream. A side cluster of orifices in conjunction with an end cluster of orifices on a feed distributor can distribute hydrocarbon feed into a riser over a greater cross-sectional extent enabling emission of smaller droplet sizes which provide better conversion with less coke production.

An apparatus comprising a feed distributor comprising a side cluster of orifices instead of or in combination with an end cluster of orifices for distributing hydrocarbon feed into a catalyst stream. A side cluster of orifices in conjunction with an end cluster of orifices on a feed distributor can distribute hydrocarbon feed into a riser over a greater cross-sectional extent enabling emission of smaller droplet sizes which provide better conversion with less coke production.

The present invention describes the coprocessing of a lignocellulosic liquid stream and an intermediate fossil stream in the oil refining process comprising the steps of (a) contacting said intermediate fossil stream and said lignocellulosic liquid stream with a stream of solvent of C.sub.3-C.sub.10 hydrocarbons in an extraction section, obtaining a stream of extract with solvent and a stream of raffinate with solvent; and (b) sending said stream of extract with solvent to a separation section, obtaining a deasphalted oil stream comprising solvent-free carbon of renewable origin and a stream of recovered solvent. The present invention further relates to a process for producing fuels from the deasphalted oil stream comprising carbon of renewable origin, wherein the process comprises sending the deasphalted oil stream to a conversion section of an oil refinery. The conversion section is selected from catalytic hydrocracking unit, thermal cracking, fluidized-bed catalytic cracking, visbreaking, delayed coking and catalytic reforming.

An advanced regulatory controller for a converter of a catalytic olefins unit is disclosed. A Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) type converter (i.e., reactor-regenerator) is combined with an ethylene style cold-end for product recovery. The regulatory controller operates using an Advanced Regulatory Control (ARC) application using variables, such as a controlled variable, four disturbance variables, associated variable, and a manipulated variable. The ARC application manipulates fuel oil or tail gas flow to a regenerator in response to an expected future steady state value of a regenerator bed temperature resulting from changes in the values of a selected set of the variables.

A method for reducing or preventing corrosion or fouling in an apparatus for carrying out a chemical process, where corrosion or fouling is caused by acidic compounds present in the chemical process, which comprises the addition of at least one quaternary ammonium hydroxide of the formula (I) to the apparatus, wherein the chemical process is carried out: [Chem. 1] where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 are each independently C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl; R.sup.4 is inter alia C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl, benzyl, monocycloalkyl having 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms, bicycloalkyl having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, tricycloalkyl having 7 to 10 carbon atoms, where monocycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl and tricycloalkyl are unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 methyl groups, or tri-C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl ammonium groups. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen atom may also form a 5 or 6-membered, saturated nitrogen heterocycle, which is unsubstituted or carries 1 or 2 methyl groups; and/or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together with the nitrogen atom may also form a 5 or 6-membered, saturated nitrogen heterocycle, which is unsubstituted or carries 1 or 2 methyl groups.

Compositions based on effluents and/or products from FCC processing of a high saturate content, low heteroatom content feedstock are provided. By processing a high saturate content, low heteroatom content feed under various types of FCC conditions, a variety of compositions with unexpected compositional features and/or unexpected properties can be formed. The unexpected compositional features and/or unexpected properties can correspond to features and/or properties associated with one or more of the total effluent, a naphtha boiling range portion of effluent, a distillate or light cycle oil boiling range portion of the effluent, and/or a bottoms portion of the effluent.

Compositions based on effluents and/or products from FCC processing of a high saturate content, low heteroatom content feedstock are provided. By processing a high saturate content, low heteroatom content feed under various types of FCC conditions, a variety of compositions with unexpected compositional features and/or unexpected properties can be formed. The unexpected compositional features and/or unexpected properties can correspond to features and/or properties associated with one or more of the total effluent, a naphtha boiling range portion of effluent, a distillate or light cycle oil boiling range portion of the effluent, and/or a bottoms portion of the effluent.

The contacting device for countercurrent contacting of fluid streams and having a first pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades and a second pair of intersecting grids of spaced-apart and parallel deflector blades. The deflector blades in each one of the grids are interleaved with the deflector blades in the paired intersecting grid and may have uncut side portions that join them together along a transverse strip where the deflector blades cross each other and cut side portions that extend from the uncut side portions to the ends of the deflector blades. At least some of the deflector blades have directional tabs and associated openings to allow portions of the fluid streams to pass through the deflector blades to facilitate mixing of the fluid streams.

Provided is a continuous process for converting waste plastic into recycle for polypropylene polymerization. The process comprises selecting waste plastics containing polyethylene and/or polypropylene, and passing the waste plastics through a pyrolysis reactor to thermally crack at least a portion of the polyolefin waste and produce a pyrolyzed effluent. The pyrolyzed effluent is separated into offgas, a naphtha/diesel fraction, a heavy fraction, and char. Pyrolysis oil and wax, comprising naphtha/diesel and heavy fractions, is passed to a refinery FCC unit. A liquid petroleum gas C.sub.3 olefin/paraffin mixture is recovered from the FCC unit. The C.sub.3 paraffins and C.sub.3 olefins are separated into different fractions with the C.sub.3 olefin fraction passed to a propylene polymerization reactor, and the C.sub.3 paraffin fraction passed optionally to a dehydrogenation unit to produce additional propylene.