Present invention relates to a novel process for upgrading a residual hydrocarbon oil feedstock having a significant amount of Conradson Carbon Residue (concarbon), metals, especially vanadium and nickel, asphaltenes, sulfur impurities and nitrogen to a lighter more valuable hydrocarbon products by reducing or minimizing coke formation and by injecting fine droplets of oil soluble organo-metallic compounds at multiple elevations of the riser with varying dosing rates.

A method of removing sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon fluid. The method includes contacting the hydrocarbon fluid with an adsorbent comprising a carbonaceous material doped with nanoparticles of uranyl oxide (UO.sub.3) to reduce the concentrations of the sulfur compounds. The carbonaceous material is at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon and carbon nanotubes, and the adsorbent has a weight ratio of C to U in the range from 9:1 to 17:1, and a weight ratio of C to O in the range from 5:1 to 13:1.

The present invention provides a metal passivator/trap comprising a rare earth oxide dispersed on a matrix containing a calcined hydrous kaolin.

The present invention provides a metal passivator/trap comprising a rare earth oxide dispersed on a matrix containing a calcined hydrous kaolin.

The invention relates to removing contaminants from jet fuel or kerosene using solid sorbents that are comprised primarily of carbon and preferably of coke particles. The coke particles have an affinity for contaminants in jet fuel and kerosene and are sized to be filtered from the liquid fuel without plugging. As the contaminants agglomerate onto the solid sorbent, the resulting particles form a filter cake on conventional filter materials in such a way as to allow the jet fuel or kerosene to pass on through without significant pressure drop or delay.

The present disclosure provides a method for removing sulfur compounds from a fuel containing sulfur compounds. The method includes contacting the fuel with an adsorbent that comprises a carbonaceous material doped with nanoparticles of aluminum oxide to reduce the concentrations of the sulfur compounds. The carbonaceous material is at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide, and the adsorbent has a weight ratio of C to Al in the range from 3:1 to 30:1, and a weight ratio of C to O in the range from 1:1 to 10:1.

The present disclosure provides a method of purifying an organic material of biological origin, which includes providing a feedstock containing organic material of biological origin; purifying the feedstock in a pre-treatment step including heating the feedstock in a presence of an adsorbent at a temperature of at least 150 C., to obtain a heat-treated feedstock; filtering the heat-treated feedstock to remove adsorbent and to obtain a purified feedstock; and optionally subjecting the purified feedstock to further processing, wherein the purifying is performed in a cone vessel having a first cross sectional area in an upper part of the vessel which decreases downwards to a second cross sectional area, which is smaller than the first cross sectional area.