An oil desulfurization method may be used to desulfurize various oils, such as used motor oil, crude oil, diesel, high sulfur fuel oil, mid sulfur fuel oil, off-spec fuel oil, and off-spec diesel, to produce a finished product of lower sulfur oil and a high sulfur fuel oil or sulfur containing oil product. Preferably, the method may include the steps of: mixing an oxidizing material with sulfur containing oil to produce a first mixture; subjecting the first mixture to at least one of heat and pressure to oxidize the sulfur in the first mixture; mixing at least one solvent with the first mixture to produce a second mixture; and separating the second mixture to produce a low sulfur oil product and a third mixture, the third mixture having a high sulfur oxidized oil and the at least one solvent.

An oil desulfurization method may be used to desulfurize various oils, such as used motor oil, crude oil, diesel, high sulfur fuel oil, mid sulfur fuel oil, off-spec fuel oil, and off-spec diesel, to produce a finished product of lower sulfur oil and a high sulfur fuel oil or sulfur containing oil product. Preferably, the method may include the steps of: mixing an oxidizing material with sulfur containing oil to produce a first mixture; subjecting the first mixture to at least one of heat and pressure to oxidize the sulfur in the first mixture; mixing at least one solvent with the first mixture to produce a second mixture; and separating the second mixture to produce a low sulfur oil product and a third mixture, the third mixture having a high sulfur oxidized oil and the at least one solvent.

The present application provides systems and methods for upgrading an oil stream. The system includes a reactor, a phase separator, an expansion device, a cooling unit, and two separation units. The reactor receives the oil stream, ammonia, and supercritical water. The supercritical water upgrades the oil stream, and the ammonia reacts with sulfur initially present in the oil stream to produce ammonia-sulfur compounds. The phase separator receives a mixture stream comprising the upgraded oil stream, supercritical water, and the ammonia-sulfur compounds, and separates out non-dissolved components. The expansion device reduces the pressure of the mixture stream below a water critical pressure. The cooling unit reduces the temperature of the mixture stream. A first separation unit separates the mixture stream it into a hydrocarbon-rich gaseous phase, a water stream containing ammonia-sulfur compounds, and a treated oil stream. A second separation unit separates the ammonia-sulfur compounds from the water stream.

A method for producing a clean gasoline from a light hydrocarbon fraction is disclosed. The method includes two main steps including desulfurization of a light hydrocarbon fraction along with enhancing octane number of the desulfurized light hydrocarbon fraction. The octane number of the desulfurized hydrocarbon fraction is enhanced by applying a hormone-modified additive.

A method for producing a clean gasoline from a light hydrocarbon fraction is disclosed. The method includes two main steps including desulfurization of a light hydrocarbon fraction along with enhancing octane number of the desulfurized light hydrocarbon fraction. The octane number of the desulfurized hydrocarbon fraction is enhanced by applying a hormone-modified additive.

A method of producing advanced carbon materials can include extracting a coal sample from a location, performing a spectral analysis on the coal sample, determining one or more desired advanced carbon materials based at least in part on spectral analysis, extracting an amount of coal from the location, beneficiating the amount of coal, and processing the beneficiated amount of coal to produce the one or more desired advanced carbon materials from at least some of the amount of coal.

A method of producing at least one or more resins is disclosed. The method includes providing an amount of raw coal. The raw coal includes one or more impurities therein. The method also includes beneficiating the amount of raw coal to selectively removing at least a portion of some of the one or more impurities in the raw coal to form beneficiated coal. Additionally, the method includes processing the beneficiated coal to produce an amount of pitch. The method further includes modifying at least some of the pitch to produce the one or more resins. The one or more resins include a selected amount of a remainder of the one or more impurities that were not removed while beneficiating the amount of the raw coal, processing the beneficiated coal, and modifying at least some of the pitch.

A method of desulfurizing a liquid hydrocarbon having the steps of: adding a liquid hydrocarbon to a vessel, the hydrocarbon having a sulfur content; adding a catalyst and an oxidizer to create a mixture; oxidizing at least some of the sulfur content of the liquid hydrocarbon to form oxidized sulfur in the liquid hydrocarbon; separating the liquid hydrocarbon from the mixture; and removing at least some of the oxidized sulfur from the liquid hydrocarbon. Such methods can be carried out by batch or continuously. Systems for undertaking such methods are likewise disclosed.

The present application provides systems and methods for upgrading an oil stream. The system includes a reactor, a phase separator, an expansion device, a cooling unit, and two separation units. The reactor receives the oil stream, ammonia, and supercritical water. The supercritical water upgrades the oil stream, and the ammonia reacts with sulfur initially present in the oil stream to produce ammonia-sulfur compounds. The phase separator receives a mixture stream comprising the upgraded oil stream, supercritical water, and the ammonia-sulfur compounds, and separates out non-dissolved components. The expansion device reduces the pressure of the mixture stream below a water critical pressure. The cooling unit reduces the temperature of the mixture stream. A first separation unit separates the mixture stream it into a hydrocarbon-rich gaseous phase, a water stream containing ammonia-sulfur compounds, and a treated oil stream. A second separation unit separates the ammonia-sulfur compounds from the water stream.

The present application relates to a method to prevent the emission of hydrogen sulphide in the production of hot bitumen or asphalt having a temperature of between 150 and 200° C., wherein the method comprises the steps of providing a bituminous or asphalt mixture, heating the mixture until a temperature of between 150-200° C. and adding an aqueous calcium nitrate solution or a calcium nitrate powder while mixing the bituminous or asphalt mixture. The present application furthermore relates to the use of an aqueous calcium nitrate solution or a calcium nitrate powder during mixing of a bituminous or asphalt mixture in the production of a hot bitumen or asphalt having a temperature of between 150 and 200° C. to prevent the emission of hydrogen sulphide.