Disclosed is a process for producing mixed xylenes and C.sub.9+ hydrocarbons in which an aromatic hydrocarbon feedstock comprising benzene and/or toluene is contacted with an alkylating agent comprising methanol and/or dimethyl ether under alkylation conditions in the presence of an alkylation catalyst to produce an alkylated aromatic product stream comprising the mixed xylenes and C.sub.9+ hydrocarbons. The mixed xylenes are subsequently converted to para-xylene, and the C.sub.9+ hydrocarbons and its components may be supplied as motor fuels blending components. The alkylation catalyst comprises a molecular sieve having a Constraint Index in the range from greater than zero up to about 3. The molar ratio of aromatic hydrocarbon to alkylating agent is in the range of greater than 1:1 to less than 4:1.

Disclosed are compositions including up to 20 wt % of a paraffin inhibiting polymer and one or more non-polymeric glycol ether compounds, wherein the compositions are stable and flow at a temperature between about 0 C. and 40 C., in many cases between about 20 C. and 40 C. The glycol ether compounds are non-polymeric, are liquids at 20 C. (1 atm) and have boiling points over 100 C., in many cases over 200 C. The compositions are useful paraffin inhibitor concentrates for use in the petroleum industry wherein the concentrates are stable, pumpable, and pourable at temperatures as low as 40 C. and as high as 60 C.

Disclosed are compositions including up to 20 wt % of a paraffin inhibiting polymer and one or more non-polymeric glycol ether compounds, wherein the compositions are stable and flow at a temperature between about 0 C. and 40 C., in many cases between about 20 C. and 40 C. The glycol ether compounds are non-polymeric, are liquids at 20 C. (1 atm) and have boiling points over 100 C., in many cases over 200 C. The compositions are useful paraffin inhibitor concentrates for use in the petroleum industry wherein the concentrates are stable, pumpable, and pourable at temperatures as low as 40 C. and as high as 60 C.

A method for scavenging hydrogen sulfides from hydrocarbon or aqueous streams and/or reducing or inhibiting solids or scale formation comprising introducing an additive made up of architectured materials such as star polymers, hyperbranched polymers, and dendrimers that may be used alone or in conjunction with aldehyde-based, triazine-based and/or metal-based hydrogen sulfide scavengers to an aqueous or hydrocarbon stream. A treated fluid comprising a fluid containing hydrogen sulfide and an additive for scavenging hydrogen sulfide or reducing or inhibiting solids and scale formation made up of architectured materials such as star polymers, hyperbranched polymers, and dendrimers. The fluid may further include aldehyde-based, triazine-based and/or metal-based hydrogen sulfide scavengers.

A method for scavenging hydrogen sulfides from hydrocarbon or aqueous streams and/or reducing or inhibiting solids or scale formation comprising introducing an additive made up of architectured materials such as star polymers, hyperbranched polymers, and dendrimers that may be used alone or in conjunction with aldehyde-based, triazine-based and/or metal-based hydrogen sulfide scavengers to an aqueous or hydrocarbon stream. A treated fluid comprising a fluid containing hydrogen sulfide and an additive for scavenging hydrogen sulfide or reducing or inhibiting solids and scale formation made up of architectured materials such as star polymers, hyperbranched polymers, and dendrimers. The fluid may further include aldehyde-based, triazine-based and/or metal-based hydrogen sulfide scavengers.

Methods for making sulfide scavenging compositions are provided. The method comprises reducing a settling velocity of the sulfide scavenging composition in a fluid stream by adjusting the specific gravity of the sulfide scavenging composition to within about fifteen percent or less of the specific gravity of the fluid stream. Sulfide scavengers using the above method are also disclosed. Methods for removing sulfides from fluid streams are also provided. The methods include adding the above sulfide scavengers to fluid streams.

Methods for making sulfide scavenging compositions are provided. The method comprises reducing a settling velocity of the sulfide scavenging composition in a fluid stream by adjusting the specific gravity of the sulfide scavenging composition to within about fifteen percent or less of the specific gravity of the fluid stream. Sulfide scavengers using the above method are also disclosed. Methods for removing sulfides from fluid streams are also provided. The methods include adding the above sulfide scavengers to fluid streams.

A stream of cracked naphtha is fractionated into at least four specified fractions defined by their respective boiling point ranges. The lightest fraction, IBP to 50 C., is treated in a selective etherification or alkylation process to reduce its RVP value and increase its RON. The second fraction, 50 C. to 150 C., is selectively hydrogenated to treat and convert the diolefins present and the treated stream is sent directly to the gasoline blending pool since it has the desired RON and low sulfur content. The third, and optionally a fourth fraction, boiling in the range of 50 C. to 180 C., in an embodiment, are utilized for the production of aromatics and the raffinate stream, after aromatic extraction, is sent to the gasoline blending pool. A fraction of this latter stream can optionally be recycled for further cracking to produce additional aromatics and gasoline blending components. The heaviest fraction, 180 C. to MBP, constitutes a relatively small volume and is hydrotreated at high pressure, and one portion of the hydrotreated stream is recycled to the FCC unit for further processing and the remaining hydrotreated portion is sent to the gasoline blending pool.

A stream of cracked naphtha is fractionated into at least four specified fractions defined by their respective boiling point ranges. The lightest fraction, IBP to 50 C., is treated in a selective etherification or alkylation process to reduce its RVP value and increase its RON. The second fraction, 50 C. to 150 C., is selectively hydrogenated to treat and convert the diolefins present and the treated stream is sent directly to the gasoline blending pool since it has the desired RON and low sulfur content. The third, and optionally a fourth fraction, boiling in the range of 50 C. to 180 C., in an embodiment, are utilized for the production of aromatics and the raffinate stream, after aromatic extraction, is sent to the gasoline blending pool. A fraction of this latter stream can optionally be recycled for further cracking to produce additional aromatics and gasoline blending components. The heaviest fraction, 180 C. to MBP, constitutes a relatively small volume and is hydrotreated at high pressure, and one portion of the hydrotreated stream is recycled to the FCC unit for further processing and the remaining hydrotreated portion is sent to the gasoline blending pool.

Scavenging compounds and compositions useful in applications relating to the production, transportation, storage, and separation of crude oil and natural gas are disclosed. Also disclosed herein are methods of using the compounds and compositions as scavengers, particularly in applications relating to the production, transportation, storage, and separation of crude oil and natural gas.