A process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil (Feedstock), the process involving: mixing a quantity of the Feedstock with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a feedstock mixture; contacting the feedstock mixture with one or more catalysts to form a Process Mixture from the feedstock mixture; separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid (Product) components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbons of the Process Mixture and, discharging the Product. The Product is compliant with ISO standards for residual marine fuel oils and has a maximum sulfur content between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.50% wt. The Product can be used as or as a blending stock for compliant, low sulfur or ultralow sulfur heavy marine fuel oil. A device for conducting the process is also disclosed.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core process under reactive conditions in a Reaction System composed of one or more reaction vessels, wherein one or more of the reaction vessels contains one or more catalysts in the form of a structured catalyst bed and is operated under reactive distillation conditions. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core process under reactive conditions in a Reaction System composed of one or more reaction vessels, wherein one or more of the reaction vessels contains one or more catalysts in the form of a structured catalyst bed and is operated under reactive distillation conditions. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed.

Provided herein are methods of generating hindbrain cells, including respiratory hindbrain cells, from pluripotent stem cells. Also provided are methods of generating a three-dimensional organoid comprising a population of hindbrain cells including a heterogeneous population of interneurons.

A method is disclosed of purifying a recycled or renewable organic material, wherein the recycled or renewable organic material contains more than 20 ppm Cl. Exemplary methods include (a) providing the recycled or renewable organic material; (b) purifying the organic recycled or renewable organic material to obtain a purified recycled or renewable organic material, and (c) hydrotreating the purified recycled or renewable organic material in a presence of a hydrotreating catalyst at a temperature from 270 to 380° C. under pressure from 4 to 20 MPa and under continuous hydrogen flow; to obtain purified hydrotreated recycled or renewable organic material.

Alumina support compositions comprising at least 0.1 wt % of silica are disclosed. The alumina support are characterized by a pore volume of greater than 0.60 cc/g, a median pore size ranging from about 70 to about 120, a pore size distribution such that at least 90% of the total pore volume falls within the range of about 20 to about 250, and a pore size distribution width of no less than about 40. Alumina compositions of the present invention exhibit a primary peak mode at a pore diameter less than the median pore diameter. Also provided are catalysts made from the alumina supports, and processes of preparing and using the supports and catalysts.

Alumina support compositions comprising at least 0.1 wt % of silica are disclosed. The alumina support are characterized by a pore volume of greater than 0.60 cc/g, a median pore size ranging from about 70 to about 120, a pore size distribution such that at least 90% of the total pore volume falls within the range of about 20 to about 250, and a pore size distribution width of no less than about 40. Alumina compositions of the present invention exhibit a primary peak mode at a pore diameter less than the median pore diameter. Also provided are catalysts made from the alumina supports, and processes of preparing and using the supports and catalysts.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a Environmental Contaminate level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a Environmental Contaminate level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel.

The invention relates to a method for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feed, operated at a temperature of between 180° C. and 450° C., in the presence of a catalyst comprising i) a composite material comprising a compound based on at least one crystalline aluminium solid and carbon, the deposited carbon content being between 1 and 25 wt. % of the total mass of the composite material, and ii) at least one element of group VIB and at least one element of group VIII, in the sulfide form thereof, said catalyst being produced by a method comprising at least: a) a step of bringing a carbon precursor into contact with a compound based on at least one crystalline aluminium solid, b) a step of thermally treating the solid produced by step a), c) repeating steps a) and b) until the desired deposited carbon content is reached, d) depositing at least one element of group VIB and at least one element of group VIII on the surface of the solid produced by step c), and e) a step of sulfidisation of the solid produced in step d).