In the hydroconversion processes of heavy hydrocarbon oils, in which the hydrogen is introduced at the reactor base by bubbling, the low diffusion rate of hydrogen, from the gas phase to the reaction liquid, limits the degree of conversion. The process circumvents the obstacle of the limited amount of reactant hydrogen by using a slurry bubble column reactor which reduces the formation of light hydrocarbon products, and therefore the hydrogen required for the hydroconversion, allowing to operate at full conversion.

A caustic desulfonylation method and system comprising a reactor vessel with a solid carbonaceous selectivity promoter provided therein, a liquid feed input of the reactor vessel configured to receive a source of caustic, a hydrocarbon feed comprising oxidized sulfur containing compounds and a gas feed input of the reactor vessel configured to receive a source of hydrogen. The caustic desulfonylation method and system further includes an output of the reactor vessel releasing the caustic and an upgraded hydrocarbon product with sulfur content less than the sulfur content of the hydrocarbon feed received by the liquid feed of the reactor vessel.

A caustic desulfonylation method and system comprising a reactor vessel with a solid carbonaceous selectivity promoter provided therein, a liquid feed input of the reactor vessel configured to receive a source of caustic, a hydrocarbon feed comprising oxidized sulfur containing compounds and a gas feed input of the reactor vessel configured to receive a source of hydrogen. The caustic desulfonylation method and system further includes an output of the reactor vessel releasing the caustic and an upgraded hydrocarbon product with sulfur content less than the sulfur content of the hydrocarbon feed received by the liquid feed of the reactor vessel.

A highly active hydroprocessing catalyst that comprises an inorganic oxide support particle having been impregnated with a metals-impregnation solution comprising a complexing agent and a hydrogenation metal that is further incorporated with an organic additive blend.

Low sulfur gasoline blend stock is produced by a hydrodesulfurization process including at least two hydrodesulfurization reactors with hydrogen feeds and two finishing reactors arranged where the first polishing reactor converts both thiophenic compounds and mercaptans to hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbons and the second polishing reactor uses a catalyst that has much less thiophenic conversion activity but is operated at a higher temperature to more substantially reduce the sulfur content of the gasoline present in the form of mercaptans. As the conversion of thiophenes to hydrogen sulfide is correlated to reducing octane number, using a second polishing reactor that has little activity for thiophene conversion also protects the high-octane species in the gasoline thereby minimizing octane loss while reducing total sulfur content to acceptable levels. The sulfur left in the gasoline is biased toward higher thiophene content and away from mercaptan content.

A process and a system for conversion of a hydrocarbonaceous feed comprising at least 10 ppmw and less than 10000 ppmw of one or more halides, and at least 20 ppmw and less than 10000 ppmw organically bound nitrogen, to a hydrocarbon product stream by hydrotreatment, in the presence of a material catalytically active in hydrotreatment and an amount of hydrogen, wherein said hydrocarbon product stream comprises an amount of ionic halides and an amount of ammonia, said process including: a) separating in a first separation step at a first separation temperature the mixed product stream to provide an overhead stream and a bottoms stream, b) combining the overhead stream with an amount of wash water and c) separating in a second separation step the combined overhead stream and wash water in a non-polar stream of hydrocarbon product and a polar stream of wash water comprising ammonium halides.

The present invention provides a process for hydro-demetallizing of residual hydro-carbonaceous feedstock. The process includes passing the feedstock to a vertically-disposed reaction zone to produce an effluent which is passed to at least one fixed bed reactor for further processing. The reaction zone includes at least one moving bed reactor, having at least one catalyst bed of hydro-demetallization catalyst configured for catalyst addition and removal. The hydrodemetallization catalyst is subjected to in-line fresh catalyst deairing, pressurizing, and hydrocarbon soaking via a catalyst sluicing system and sulphidic activation before entering the moving bed reactor at a top portion of the moving bed reactor. The hydrodemetallization catalyst is added to the moving bed reactor through gravity and any spent hydrodemetallization catalyst is removed from a bottom portion of the moving bed reactor. The removed spent hydrodemetallization catalyst is subjected to in-line spent catalyst hydrocarbon removal, depressurizing, inerting, and airing.

A catalyst support comprising at least 95% silicon carbide, having surface areas of 10 m.sup.2/g and pore volumes of 1 cc/g. A method of producing a catalyst support, the method including mixing SiC particles of 0.1-20 microns, SiO.sub.2 and carbonaceous materials to form an extrusion, under inert atmospheres, heating the extrusion at temperatures of greater than 1400 C., and removing residual carbon from the heated support under temperatures below 1000 C. A catalyst on a carrier, comprising a carrier support having at least about 95% SiC, with a silver solution impregnated thereon comprising silver oxide, ethylenediamine, oxalic acid, monoethanolamine and cesium hydroxide. A process for oxidation reactions (e.g., for the production of ethylene oxide, or oxidation reactions using propane or methane), or for endothermic reactions (e.g., dehydrogenation of paraffins, of ethyl benzene, or cracking and hydrocracking hydrocarbons).

A catalyst support comprising at least 95% silicon carbide, having surface areas of 10 m.sup.2/g and pore volumes of 1 cc/g. A method of producing a catalyst support, the method including mixing SiC particles of 0.1-20 microns, SiO.sub.2 and carbonaceous materials to form an extrusion, under inert atmospheres, heating the extrusion at temperatures of greater than 1400 C., and removing residual carbon from the heated support under temperatures below 1000 C. A catalyst on a carrier, comprising a carrier support having at least about 95% SiC, with a silver solution impregnated thereon comprising silver oxide, ethylenediamine, oxalic acid, monoethanolamine and cesium hydroxide. A process for oxidation reactions (e.g., for the production of ethylene oxide, or oxidation reactions using propane or methane), or for endothermic reactions (e.g., dehydrogenation of paraffins, of ethyl benzene, or cracking and hydrocracking hydrocarbons).

A multi-stage device for reducing the environmental contaminants in an ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and an ionic liquid extraction desulfurizing process as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.5% wt.