The disclosure relates to a process to perform a catalytic cracking reaction of hydrocarbons having at least four carbons, said process comprising the steps of providing a fluidized bed reactor comprising at least two electrodes and a bed comprising particles, wherein the particles are put in a fluidized state to obtain a fluidized bed; heating said bed to a temperature between 500? C. and 850? C. by passing an electric current through the fluidized bed to conduct the reaction. The process is remarkable in that the particles of the bed comprise electrically conductive particles and particles of a catalytic composition, wherein at least 10 wt. % of the particles are electrically conductive particles and have a resistivity from 0.001 to 500 Ohm.cm at 500? C. and in that the step of heating the fluidized bed is performed by passing an electric current through the fluidized bed.

The disclosure relates to a process to perform a catalytic cracking reaction of hydrocarbons having at least four carbons, said process comprising the steps of providing a fluidized bed reactor comprising at least two electrodes and a bed comprising particles, wherein the particles are put in a fluidized state to obtain a fluidized bed; heating said bed to a temperature between 500? C. and 850? C. by passing an electric current through the fluidized bed to conduct the reaction. The process is remarkable in that the particles of the bed comprise electrically conductive particles and particles of a catalytic composition, wherein at least 10 wt. % of the particles are electrically conductive particles and have a resistivity from 0.001 to 500 Ohm.cm at 500? C. and in that the step of heating the fluidized bed is performed by passing an electric current through the fluidized bed.

A process of producing a mesoporous beta zeolite includes mixing a crystalline beta zeolite with one or more solvents, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and metal hydroxide to produce a solution, heating the solution at a temperature of from 50? C. to 150? C. to convert the crystalline beta zeolite to a non-crystalline material with reduced silica content relative to the crystalline beta zeolite, cooling the solution to a temperature of from 25? C. to 40? C., adjusting the pH of the solution to from 8 to 10 by adding an acid, and aging the solution at a temperature of from 50? C. to 150? C. for a time period sufficient to crystalize the non-crystalline material to produce beta zeolite particles.

A process of producing a mesoporous beta zeolite includes mixing a crystalline beta zeolite with one or more solvents, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and metal hydroxide to produce a solution, heating the solution at a temperature of from 50? C. to 150? C. to convert the crystalline beta zeolite to a non-crystalline material with reduced silica content relative to the crystalline beta zeolite, cooling the solution to a temperature of from 25? C. to 40? C., adjusting the pH of the solution to from 8 to 10 by adding an acid, and aging the solution at a temperature of from 50? C. to 150? C. for a time period sufficient to crystalize the non-crystalline material to produce beta zeolite particles.

A process for steam cracking a whole crude including a volatilization step performed to maintain a relatively large hydrocarbon droplet size. The process may include contacting a whole crude with steam to volatilize a portion of the hydrocarbons, wherein the contacting of the hydrocarbon feedstock and steam is conducted at an initial relative velocity of less than 30 m/s, for example. The resulting vapor phase, including volatilized hydrocarbons and steam may then be separated from a liquid phase comprising unvaporized hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons in the vapor phase may then be forwarded to a steam pyrolysis reactor for steam cracking of the hydrocarbons in the vapor phase.

A process for steam cracking a whole crude including a volatilization step performed to maintain a relatively large hydrocarbon droplet size. The process may include contacting a whole crude with steam to volatilize a portion of the hydrocarbons, wherein the contacting of the hydrocarbon feedstock and steam is conducted at an initial relative velocity of less than 30 m/s, for example. The resulting vapor phase, including volatilized hydrocarbons and steam may then be separated from a liquid phase comprising unvaporized hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons in the vapor phase may then be forwarded to a steam pyrolysis reactor for steam cracking of the hydrocarbons in the vapor phase.

A device for gas-liquid separation, intended to equip three-phase fluidized bed reactors such as those used in the H-oil process. The device has a succession of two bends situated in different planes, which device accomplishes excellent separation of the gas and of the liquid.

A device for gas-liquid separation, intended to equip three-phase fluidized bed reactors such as those used in the H-oil process. The device has a succession of two bends situated in different planes, which device accomplishes excellent separation of the gas and of the liquid.

Processes herein may be used to thermally crack various hydrocarbon feeds, and may eliminate the refinery altogether while making the crude to chemicals process very flexible in terms of crude. In embodiments herein, crude is progressively separated into at least light and heavy fractions. Depending on the quality of the light and heavy fractions, these are routed to one of three upgrading operations, including a fixed bed hydroconversion unit, a fluidized catalytic conversion unit, or a residue hydrocracking unit that may utilize an ebullated bed reactor. Products from the upgrading operations may be used as feed to a steam cracker.

Processes herein may be used to thermally crack various hydrocarbon feeds, and may eliminate the refinery altogether while making the crude to chemicals process very flexible in terms of crude. In embodiments herein, crude is progressively separated into at least light and heavy fractions. Depending on the quality of the light and heavy fractions, these are routed to one of three upgrading operations, including a fixed bed hydroconversion unit, a fluidized catalytic conversion unit, or a residue hydrocracking unit that may utilize an ebullated bed reactor. Products from the upgrading operations may be used as feed to a steam cracker.