Catalysts are described. The catalysts comprise a dried extrudate of a mixture of -alumina and at least one mixed metal oxide or mixed metal hydroxide, the -alumina having a BET surface area of 150 m.sup.2/g to 275 m.sup.2/g. Processes of making the hydroprocessing catalysts, and hydroprocessing processes using the catalysts are also described.

The present invention relates to methods for producing metal-supported thin layer skeletal catalyst structures, to methods for producing catalyst support structures without separately applying an intermediate washcoat layer, and to novel catalyst compositions produced by these methods. Catalyst precursors may be interdiffused with the underlying metal support then activated to create catalytically active skeletal alloy surfaces. The resulting metal-anchored skeletal layers provide increased conversion per geometric area compared to conversions from other types of supported alloy catalysts of similar bulk compositions, and provide resistance to activity loss when used under severe on-stream conditions. Particular compositions of the metal-supported skeletal catalyst alloy structures can be used for conventional steam methane reforming to produce syngas from natural gas and steam, for hydrodeoxygenation of pyrolysis bio-oils, and for other metal-catalyzed reactions inter alia.

A supported catalyst for hydroprocessing, hydrotreating or hydrocracking hydrocarbon feedstocks, the supported catalyst comprising at least one metal from Group 6 and at least one metal from Groups 8, 9, or 10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and optionally comprising phosphorous. The Group 6 metal comprises about 30 to about 45 wt. % and the total of Group 6 and Group 8, 9, or 10 or mixtures thereof metal components comprise about 35 to about 55 wt. %, calculated as oxides and based on the total weight of the catalyst composition. The metals, and phosphorous when present, are carried on and/or within a porous inorganic oxide carrier or support, the support prior to incorporation of the metals and phosphorus, having a total pore volume (TPV) of about 0.8 cc/g to about 1.5 cc/g and comprising a defined pore size distribution and wherein the supported catalyst comprises a defined pore size distribution.

A supported catalyst for hydroprocessing, hydrotreating or hydrocracking hydrocarbon feedstocks, the supported catalyst comprising at least one metal from Group 6 and at least one metal from Groups 8, 9, or 10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and optionally comprising phosphorous. The Group 6 metal comprises about 30 to about 45 wt. % and the total of Group 6 and Group 8, 9, or 10 or mixtures thereof metal components comprise about 35 to about 55 wt. %, calculated as oxides and based on the total weight of the catalyst composition. The metals, and phosphorous when present, are carried on and/or within a porous inorganic oxide carrier or support, the support prior to incorporation of the metals and phosphorus, having a total pore volume (TPV) of about 0.8 cc/g to about 1.5 cc/g and comprising a defined pore size distribution and wherein the supported catalyst comprises a defined pore size distribution.

The present invention relates to a hydrogenation catalyst with improved sulfur resistance and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention comprises cerium and copper to enhance resistance to sulfur, that is, resistance to sulfur poisoning, thereby extending the lifespan and improving activity of the catalyst, which is be used in the hydrogenation of petroleum resin.

The present invention relates to a hydrogenolysis process wherein a hydrocarbon-based feedstock comprising aromatic compounds having at least 8 carbon atoms is treated by means of a hydrogen feed and in the presence of a catalyst, in order to convert C2+ alkyl chains of said aromatic compounds into methyl groups and to produce a hydrogenolysis effluent enriched in methyl-substituted aromatic compounds, wherein the catalyst comprises a support, comprising at least one refractory oxide, and an active phase comprising nickel and molybdenum, wherein: the nickel content being between 0.1 and 25% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst; the molybdenum content being between 0.1 and 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst; and the catalyst comprising a molar ratio of molybdenum to nickel of between 0.2 and 0.9. The present invention also relates to said catalyst and to the process for preparing said catalyst.

The present invention relates to a hydrogenolysis process wherein a hydrocarbon-based feedstock comprising aromatic compounds having at least 8 carbon atoms is treated by means of a hydrogen feed and in the presence of a catalyst, in order to convert C2+ alkyl chains of said aromatic compounds into methyl groups and to produce a hydrogenolysis effluent enriched in methyl-substituted aromatic compounds, wherein the catalyst comprises a support, comprising at least one refractory oxide, and an active phase comprising nickel and molybdenum, wherein: the nickel content being between 0.1 and 25% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst; the molybdenum content being between 0.1 and 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst; and the catalyst comprising a molar ratio of molybdenum to nickel of between 0.2 and 0.9. The present invention also relates to said catalyst and to the process for preparing said catalyst.

The present invention relates to a process and system for forming a hydrocarbon feedstock from a biomass material, and the hydrocarbon feedstock formed therefrom. The present invention also relates to a process and system for forming a bio-derived naphtha fuel from a hydrocarbon feedstock, and the bio-derived naphtha fuel formed therefrom, as well as intermediate treated hydrocarbon feedstocks formed during the process.

A method for upgrading a petroleum feedstock using a supercritical water petroleum upgrading system includes introducing the petroleum feedstock, water and an auxiliary feedstock. The method includes operating the system to combine the petroleum feedstock and the water to form a mixed petroleum feedstock and introducing separately and simultaneously into a lower portion of an upflowing supercritical water reactor. The auxiliary feedstock is introduced such that a portion of a fluid contained within the upflowing reactor located proximate to the bottom does not lack fluid momentum. An embodiment of the method includes operating the supercritical water petroleum upgrading system such that the upflowing reactor product fluid is introduced into an upper portion of a downflowing supercritical water reactor. The supercritical water petroleum upgrading system includes the upflowing supercritical water reactor and optionally a downflowing supercritical water reactor.

The invention relates to a process for hydrotreating a liquid oil stream such as pyrolysis oil stream by, in continuous operation, reacting the liquid oil stream with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel-molybdenum (NiMo) based catalyst at a temperature of 20-240? C., a pressure of 100-200 barg and a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 0.1-1.1 h.sup.?1, and a hydrogen to liquid oil ratio, defined as the volume ratio of hydrogen to the flow of the liquid oil stream, of 1000-6000 NL/L thereby forming a stabilized liquid oil stream.