The present technology provides a process that includes heating a first mixture of elemental sulfur and particles comprising an alkali metal sulfide in a liquid hydrocarbon to a temperature of at least 150 C., to provide a sulfur-treated mixture comprising agglomerated particles; and separating the agglomerated particles from the sulfur-treated mixture to provide a desulfurized liquid hydrocarbon and separated solids. This process may be used as part of a suite of processes for desulfurizing liquid hydrocarbons contaminated with organosulfur compounds and other heteroatom-based contaminants. The present technology further provides processes for converting carbon-rich solids (e.g., petroleum coke) into fuels.

A liquid treatment composition for remediating and removing nercaptans from contaminated hydrocarbon liquids, the treatment composition including a hydrocarbon liquid, at least one alkoxide compound, and at least one terpene. A collective content of the at least one alkoxide compound in the liquid treatment composition is in a range of 1-20 wt % weight, a collective content of the at least one terpene in the liquid treatment composition is 5-25 vol %, a content of the hydrocarbon liquid in the treatment solution is 50-90 vol %.

A liquid treatment composition for remediating and removing nercaptans from contaminated hydrocarbon liquids, the treatment composition including a hydrocarbon liquid, at least one alkoxide compound, and at least one terpene. A collective content of the at least one alkoxide compound in the liquid treatment composition is in a range of 1-20 wt % weight, a collective content of the at least one terpene in the liquid treatment composition is 5-25 vol %, a content of the hydrocarbon liquid in the treatment solution is 50-90 vol %.

A liquid treatment composition for remediating and removing mercaptans from contaminated hydrocarbon liquids, the treatment composition including a hydrocarbon liquid, at least one alkoxide compound, and at least one terpene. A collective content of the at least one alkoxide compound in the liquid treatment composition is in a range of 1-20 wt % weight, a collective content of the at least one terpene in the liquid treatment composition is 5-25 vol %, a content of the hydrocarbon liquid in the treatment solution is 50-90 vol %.

A liquid treatment composition for remediating and removing mercaptans from contaminated hydrocarbon liquids, the treatment composition including a hydrocarbon liquid, at least one alkoxide compound, and at least one terpene. A collective content of the at least one alkoxide compound in the liquid treatment composition is in a range of 1-20 wt % weight, a collective content of the at least one terpene in the liquid treatment composition is 5-25 vol %, a content of the hydrocarbon liquid in the treatment solution is 50-90 vol %.

A liquid treatment composition for remediating and removing mercaptans from contaminated hydrocarbon liquids, the treatment composition including a hydrocarbon liquid, at least one alkoxide compound, and at least one terpene. A collective content of the at least one alkoxide compound in the liquid treatment composition is in a range of 1-20 wt % weight, a collective content of the at least one terpene in the liquid treatment composition is 5-25 vol %, a content of the hydrocarbon liquid in the treatment solution is 50-90 vol %.

The invention relates to a process for removing sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is contacted with water, at supercritical conditions and also subjects an effluent hydrocarbon stream to separation techniques. The resulting hydrocarbon stream is substantially free of sulfur oxides, sulfoxides, and sulfones.

The invention relates to a process for removing sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is contacted with water, at supercritical conditions and also subjects an effluent hydrocarbon stream to separation techniques. The resulting hydrocarbon stream is substantially free of sulfur oxides, sulfoxides, and sulfones.

A method to demetal and de-ash oil feedstock. The method includes adding direct steam and sulfuric acid to oil feedstock to form acid treated oil, the sulfuric acid to strip the oil feedstock of metals, adding de-emulsifier to the acid treated oil feedstock to aid in phase separation, and settling the acid treated oil feedstock to separate into clarified oil, water, and a rag layer. The method includes centrifuging the clarified oil with a centrifuge running in a 3 phase configuration to remove water and solids from the clarified oil, and ensuring proper temperature and adding triethanol amine (TEA) to the centrifuged clarified oil to flocculate asphaltenes in the centrifuged clarified oil, creating TEA treated oil. The method includes centrifuging the TEA treated oil with a centrifuge running in a 2 phase configuration to remove the asphaltenes from the TEA treated oil and create marine fuel.

A method to demetal and de-ash oil feedstock. The method includes adding direct steam and sulfuric acid to oil feedstock to form acid treated oil, the sulfuric acid to strip the oil feedstock of metals, adding de-emulsifier to the acid treated oil feedstock to aid in phase separation, and settling the acid treated oil feedstock to separate into clarified oil, water, and a rag layer. The method includes centrifuging the clarified oil with a centrifuge running in a 3 phase configuration to remove water and solids from the clarified oil, and ensuring proper temperature and adding triethanol amine (TEA) to the centrifuged clarified oil to flocculate asphaltenes in the centrifuged clarified oil, creating TEA treated oil. The method includes centrifuging the TEA treated oil with a centrifuge running in a 2 phase configuration to remove the asphaltenes from the TEA treated oil and create marine fuel.