Oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) solvent compositions are derived from by-product disulfide oil (DSO) compounds produced as by-products from the generalized mercaptan oxidation (MEROX) processing of a refinery feedstock. The oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) solvent compositions comprise at least a primary oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compound selected from either water soluble or water insoluble oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compounds and in some embodiments at least 0.1 ppmw of a secondary oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compound that is a water soluble oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compound.

An apparatus and process for desulfurization of hydrocarbon feeds is disclosed in which pure nitrous oxide, or a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen or air, is used as a gaseous oxidant. Organosulfur compounds are converted to their corresponding oxides sulfones and/or sulfoxides in an oxidation reactor, and oxides are subsequently removed from the oxidation reactor effluent to recover a reduced sulfur-content hydrocarbon product.

An apparatus and process for desulfurization of hydrocarbon feeds is disclosed in which pure nitrous oxide, or a mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen or air, is used as a gaseous oxidant. Organosulfur compounds are converted to their corresponding oxides sulfones and/or sulfoxides in an oxidation reactor, and oxides are subsequently removed from the oxidation reactor effluent to recover a reduced sulfur-content hydrocarbon product.

Processes and apparatuses are disclosed for treating a naphtha boiling range stream containing mercaptan compounds. The process includes oxidizing mercaptan compounds in the naphtha boiling range stream to provide a mercaptan-depleted naphtha stream rich in disulfide compounds; passing the mercaptan-depleted naphtha stream rich in disulfide compounds to a naphtha splitter column; and fractionating at least a portion of the mercaptan-depleted naphtha stream rich in disulfide compounds into at least two streams, a light naphtha stream lean in disulfide compounds and a heavy naphtha stream rich in disulfide compounds. The heavy naphtha stream rich in disulfide compounds may be passed to a hydroprocessing unit to convert organic disulfides in the stream to hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide. A heavy naphtha stream lean in disulfide compounds can be recovered and routed as desired by the refiner.

Processes and apparatuses are disclosed for treating a naphtha boiling range stream containing mercaptan compounds. The process includes oxidizing mercaptan compounds in the naphtha boiling range stream to provide a mercaptan-depleted naphtha stream rich in disulfide compounds; passing the mercaptan-depleted naphtha stream rich in disulfide compounds to a naphtha splitter column; and fractionating at least a portion of the mercaptan-depleted naphtha stream rich in disulfide compounds into at least two streams, a light naphtha stream lean in disulfide compounds and a heavy naphtha stream rich in disulfide compounds. The heavy naphtha stream rich in disulfide compounds may be passed to a hydroprocessing unit to convert organic disulfides in the stream to hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide. A heavy naphtha stream lean in disulfide compounds can be recovered and routed as desired by the refiner.

A process for producing blown asphalt comprising the steps of mixing a heated hydrocarbon stream and a supercritical water in to produce a mixed stream, operating the supercritical water reactor to produce a reactor effluent, reducing the temperature of the reactor effluent in the cooler to produce a cooled effluent, feeding the cooled effluent through a depressurizing device to produce a depressurized stream, separating the depressurized stream in the flash drum to produce a light fraction stream and a heavy fraction stream, the heavy fraction stream contains a maltene fraction, an asphaltene fraction, and water, introducing the heavy fraction stream to a storage tank, withdrawing an oxidizing reactor feed from the storage tank, introducing the oxidizing reactor feed to an oxidation reactor, and operating the oxidation reactor at an oxidation temperature and an oxidation pressure to produce a product effluent that comprises an oxidized asphaltene fraction.

A process for producing blown asphalt comprising the steps of mixing a heated hydrocarbon stream and a supercritical water in to produce a mixed stream, operating the supercritical water reactor to produce a reactor effluent, reducing the temperature of the reactor effluent in the cooler to produce a cooled effluent, feeding the cooled effluent through a depressurizing device to produce a depressurized stream, separating the depressurized stream in the flash drum to produce a light fraction stream and a heavy fraction stream, the heavy fraction stream contains a maltene fraction, an asphaltene fraction, and water, introducing the heavy fraction stream to a storage tank, withdrawing an oxidizing reactor feed from the storage tank, introducing the oxidizing reactor feed to an oxidation reactor, and operating the oxidation reactor at an oxidation temperature and an oxidation pressure to produce a product effluent that comprises an oxidized asphaltene fraction.

A reaction column comprises a plurality of cells each of which has a lower cell portion and an upper cell portion. The cells are arranged sequentially, from an uppermost cell to a lowermost cell. The fuel inlet is configured to direct fluid through the reaction column from a lower cell portion of the lowermost cell to an upper cell portion of the uppermost cell, and out of the fuel outlet. The reagent inlet is configured to direct reagent through the reaction column from the upper cell portion of the uppermost cell to the lower cell portion of the lowermost cell. The plurality of cells may be vertically or horizontally positioned, as well as inclined and the like. Systems and methods are likewise disclosed.

Systems and processes for removing sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream. Sulfur compounds are extracted from a hydrocarbon feed stream with a caustic stream to provide a treated hydrocarbon stream and a rich caustic stream. The sulfur compounds in the rich caustic stream are oxidized in the presence of a catalyst to provide a lean caustic stream. The lean caustic stream is returned to extract sulfur from the hydrocarbon stream. Data such as a concentration of sulfurs species and degree of caustic saturation with the sulfur species in the rich caustic stream may be provided by a sensor, compared against other real-time or historical data and used to provide a recommended adjustment to process conditions associated with an extraction unit, or an oxidation unit, or both.

Systems and processes for removing sulfur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream. Sulfur compounds are extracted from a hydrocarbon feed stream with a caustic stream to provide a treated hydrocarbon stream and a rich caustic stream. The sulfur compounds in the rich caustic stream are oxidized in the presence of a catalyst to provide a lean caustic stream. The lean caustic stream is returned to extract sulfur from the hydrocarbon stream. Data such as a concentration of sulfurs species and degree of caustic saturation with the sulfur species in the rich caustic stream may be provided by a sensor, compared against other real-time or historical data and used to provide a recommended adjustment to process conditions associated with an extraction unit, or an oxidation unit, or both.