Provided herein are supercritical upgrading reactors and reactor systems for upgrading a petroleum-based composition by using one or more supercritical upgrading reactors and one or more supercritical standby reactors that alternate functions such that the supercritical upgrading reactor is converted to a supercritical standby reactor and the supercritical standby reactor is converted to a supercritical upgrading reactor. The supercritical upgrading reactor upgrades a combined feed stream while a supercritical standby reactor delivers a cleaning fluid into the supercritical standby reactor. The supercritical reactors may have one or more catalyst layers and one or more purging fluid inlets, and the catalyst layers may have differing void volume ratios.

Provided herein are supercritical upgrading reactors and reactor systems for upgrading a petroleum-based composition by using one or more supercritical upgrading reactors and one or more supercritical standby reactors that alternate functions such that the supercritical upgrading reactor is converted to a supercritical standby reactor and the supercritical standby reactor is converted to a supercritical upgrading reactor. The supercritical upgrading reactor upgrades a combined feed stream while a supercritical standby reactor delivers a cleaning fluid into the supercritical standby reactor. The supercritical reactors may have one or more catalyst layers and one or more purging fluid inlets, and the catalyst layers may have differing void volume ratios.

A process including (a) directing a hydrocarbon mixture to contact a material catalytically active in hydrocracking under hydrocracking conditions, (b) providing a first hydrocracked product, (c) directing an amount of the first hydrocracked product and an amount of a converted hydrocracked product to a product separation step separating it into one or more products and a recycle oil having a higher boiling point than the products, (d) directing the recycle oil to contact a second material catalytically active in hydrocracking under hydrocracking conditions providing a second hydrocracked product, (e) directing at least an amount of the second hydrocracked product as feed to a second separation step, separating the second hydrocracked product in at least two fractions, a converted hydrocracked product and an unconverted oil an unconverted oil having a higher average boiling point than the recycle oil, (f) withdrawing at least an amount of the unconverted oil as purge.

A two-stage recycle hydrocracking process may comprise hydrocracking at least a portion of a hydrocarbon feed to produce a first hydrocracked effluent, separating the first hydrocracked effluent into at least four separated effluents, hydrocracking at least a portion of the fourth separated effluent to produce a second hydrocracked effluent, and cooling the second hydrocracked effluent to a temperature less than or equal to 250 degrees Celsius to produce a cooled effluent. The second hydrocracking effluent may have a total concentration of aromatic compounds sufficient to maintain the solubility of heavy polynuclear aromatics in the second hydrocracked effluent and reduce precipitation of the heavy polynuclear aromatics in the second hydrocracked effluent. Processes for reducing or preventing the precipitation of heavy polynuclear aromatics during hydrocracking are also described.

A device for the descending flow of a hydrocarbon-containing liquid containing solid particles at the bottom of an item of equipment (1) and a process for the conversion of hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks implementing said device.

A device for the descending flow of a hydrocarbon-containing liquid containing solid particles at the bottom of an item of equipment (1) and a process for the conversion of hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks implementing said device.

Supercritical upgrading reactors and reactor systems are provided for upgrading a petroleum-based composition using one or more purging fluid inlets to prevent plugging of the catalyst layer in the reactor. Processes for upgrading petroleum-based compositions by utilizing a reactor having at least one purging fluid inlet are also provided.

Supercritical upgrading reactors and reactor systems are provided for upgrading a petroleum-based composition using one or more purging fluid inlets to prevent plugging of the catalyst layer in the reactor. Processes for upgrading petroleum-based compositions by utilizing a reactor having at least one purging fluid inlet are also provided.

The present invention discloses a process by which the heavy hydrocarbons are subjected to hydroprocessing for producing distillates which can be further treated or converted downstream, to fuels and chemicals.

The present invention discloses a process by which the heavy hydrocarbons are subjected to hydroprocessing for producing distillates which can be further treated or converted downstream, to fuels and chemicals.