Provided is a method for producing a gasoline alternative fuel, comprising synthesizing a crude oil by a Fischer-Tropsch method, distilling the crude oil to separate naphtha, and mixing the naphtha and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene.

The present invention provides a microcrystalline wax having a needle penetration according to ASTM D-1321 at 25 C. of more than 1, a crystallinity according to XRD between 5 and 70%, an initial boiling point of less than 500 C., a congealing point in the range of from 60 to 120 C., an oil content according to ASTM D-721 of more than 2 wt. %, wherein the microcrystalline wax has a fraction up to C40 having at least 5 wt % of multiple methyl-branched paraffins as determined with GCGC.

A method for producing a synthetic fuel from hydrogen and carbon dioxide comprises extracting hydrogen molecules from hydrogen compounds in a hydrogen feedstock to produce a hydrogen-containing fluid stream; extracting carbon dioxide molecules from a dilute gaseous mixture in a carbon dioxide feedstock to produce a carbon dioxide containing fluid stream; and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams to produce a synthetic fuel. At least some thermal energy and/or material used for at least one of the steps of extracting hydrogen molecules, extracting carbon dioxide molecules, and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams is obtained from thermal energy and/or material produced by another one of the steps of extracting hydrogen molecules, extracting carbon dioxide molecules, and processing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide containing fluid streams.

A process to produce olefinic products suitable for use as or conversion to oilfield hydrocarbons includes separating an olefins-containing Fischer-Tropsch condensate into a light fraction, an intermediate fraction and a heavy fraction, oligomerising at least a portion of the light fraction to produce a first olefinic product which includes branched internal olefins, and carrying out either one or both of the steps of (i) dehydrogenating at least a portion of the intermediate fraction to produce an intermediate product which includes internal olefins and alpha-olefins, and synthesising higher olefins from the intermediate product which includes internal olefins and alpha-olefins to produce a second olefinic product, and (ii) dimerising at least a portion of the intermediate fraction to produce a second olefinic product. At least a portion of the heavy fraction is dehydrogenated to produce a third olefinic product which includes internal olefins. Also provided is a process to produce paraffinic products suitable for use as or conversion to oilfield hydrocarbons which includes separating a Fischer-Tropsch wax into at least a lighter fraction and a heavier fraction, hydrocracking the heavier fraction to provide a cracked intermediate, and separating the cracked intermediate into at least a naphtha fraction, a heavier than naphtha paraffinic distillate fraction suitable for use as or conversion to oilfield hydrocarbons, and a bottoms fraction which is heavier than the paraffinic distillate fraction.

The disclosed invention relates to a method for restarting a synthesis gas conversion process which has stopped. The synthesis gas conversion process may be conducted in a conventional reactor or a microchannel reactor. The synthesis gas conversion process may comprise a process for converting synthesis gas to methane, methanol or dimethyl ether. The synthesis gas conversion process may be a Fischer-Tropsch process.

The present invention relates to methods for operating Fischer-Tropsch syntheses for the production of long-chain hydrocarbons and to plants for carrying out these processes, wherein the CO conversion is controlled and/or the catalyst deactivation is compensated.

Process and plant for producing a hydrocarbon product boiling in the gasoline boiling range, comprising: upgrading a naphtha containing stream derived from Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis by passing the naphtha containing stream through an aromatization stage comprising contacting the naphtha containing stream with an aluminosilicate zeolite, thereby producing said hydrocarbon product boiling in the gasoline boiling range, and a separate light hydrocarbon gas stream, such as liquid petroleum gas (LPG) stream. The synthesis gas for the FT-synthesis is produced by electrically heated reverse water gas shift (e-RWGS) of a feedstock comprising CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2.

Provided is a conversion process for an organic oil, relating to the field of biomass utilization, energy and chemical industry. The conversion process is carried out in presence of an aqueous slurry and a catalyst selected from the group consisting of an iron oxide compound, a waste agent resulting from use of an iron oxide compound as desulfurizer, and a regeneration product of the waste agent, under a controlled molar ratio of iron element to sulfur element. It is found that free radical condensation polymerization of organic oil during cracking process can be blocked effectively by using carbonylation, and hydrogenation is achieved with active hydrogen produced from the conversion of CO and water. In the conversion process, organic material, especially biomass solid, can be directly converted without dehydration, and water can be additionally added to the biomass liquid or the mineral oil.

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P1) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M21) and pyrolysis gas (M22) are formed. In a second process stage (P2), the pyrolysis coke (M21) from the first process stage (P1) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M24) is formed, and slag and other residues (M91, M92, M93, M94) are removed. In a third process stage (P3), the synthesis gas (M24) from the second process stage (P2) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M60), which are discharged. The three process stages (P1, P2, P3) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M25) from the third process stage (P3) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P1), and/or the second process stage (P2), and pyrolysis gas (M22) from the first process stage (P1) is passed into the second process stage (P2), and/or the third process stage (P3).

A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst composition which comprises dealuminated ZSM-48 and/or EU-2 zeolite and a refractory oxide binder essentially free of alumina, processes for preparing such composition and processes for converting hydrocarbon feedstock with the help of such compositions.