A method for hydrofining of middle distillates of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic full-range distillates, the method including: 1) separating middle distillates of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic full-range distillates to yield light distillates, heavy distillates and intermediate distillates; 2) metering the light distillates, the heavy distillates and the intermediate distillates; providing a hydrogenation reactor filled with a hydrofining catalyst and including a first feed inlet, a second feed inlet and a third feed inlet from the top down; mixing hydrogen and the light distillates, the heavy distillates and the intermediate distillates, respectively, and introducing resulting mixtures to the hydrogenation reactor via the first feed inlet, the second feed inlet and the third feed inlet, respectively; and 3) introducing products from 2) to a gas-liquid separator to yield hydrogen and liquid products, returning the hydrogen to the hydrogenation reactor, and introducing the liquid products to a fractionating column for further separation.

The invention relates to a method for producing carbon-containing products selected from the group comprising or consisting of gasoline, diesel, kerosene and methane from the steam upstream or downstream of a steam turbine or from geothermally derived steam, characterized in that, at temperatures above 400 C., the carbon-containing products are obtained exclusively or predominantly from the steam and from carbon dioxide (CO2).

The invention further relates to a fuel production system suitable for obtaining carbon-containing products selected from the group comprising or consisting of gasoline, diesel, kerosene and methane from the steam upstream or downstream of a steam turbine or from geothermally derived steam, characterized in that the system is designed to carry out the aforementioned method.

In accordance with the present invention, disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for removing CO.sub.2 from products by using a first acid gas absorber and a second acid gas absorber, which are both a part of a single acid gas removal unit.

A stacked zone vertical tubular reactor for conducting an exothermic reaction. The reactor may comprise two or more stacked catalyst zones in each reactor tube. Each reactor tube may contain internal feed and discharge tubes, transition zones comprising a catalyst support plate and a zone separator plate, and a heat transfer element located in each catalyst zone.

A process for preparing normal paraffin involves separating a Fischer-Tropsch product stream to obtain first gaseous and liquid hydrocarbon streams. The first gaseous hydrocarbon stream is cooled and separated to obtain a second liquid hydrocarbon stream and a third liquid hydrocarbon stream, which are separated by atmospheric distillation, to obtain a normal paraffin fraction comprising 5 to 9 carbon atoms and a normal paraffin fraction comprising 10 to 35 carbon atoms. The normal paraffin fraction comprising 10 to 35 carbon atoms is separated by atmospheric distillation to obtain a normal paraffin fraction comprising 10 to 18 carbon atoms and a normal paraffin fraction comprising 19 to 35 carbon atoms. The fraction comprising 10 to 18 carbon atoms hydrogenated (a) and separated to obtain a normal paraffin comprising 10 to 13 carbon atoms and a normal paraffin comprising 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

A method of producing normally solid, normally liquid and optionally normally gaseous hydrocarbons involves contacting a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst under elevated temperature and pressure, to convert at least part of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide into hydrocarbons. An effluent is withdrawn from the reactor and subjected to a separation step to form at least a heavy fraction and a light fraction. The heavy fraction comprises normally solid hydrocarbons, while the light fraction comprises unconverted syngas and normally liquid and optionally normally gaseous hydrocarbons. The light fraction is sent to a light ends stripper operating at a temperature of maximally 200 C. to obtain a hydrocarbons fraction comprising normally liquid hydrocarbons. The heavy fraction is subjected to flash evaporation or steam stripping to obtain a hydrocarbon stream of normally solid hydrocarbons (comprising mainly C10+ hydrocarbons).

The present invention relates to a normal paraffin composition comprising from 45 to 60 wt. % of a fraction of normal paraffin having from 10 to 13 carbon atoms and from 40 to 55 wt. % of a fraction of normal paraffin having from 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

Diesel fuel composition suitable for use in an internal combustion engine comprising: (a) 2 mass % to 30 mass % of kerosene having a kinematic viscosity at 40 C. of 1.5 mm.sup.2/s or less and a density of 810 kg/m.sup.3 or less; (b) 2 mass % to 20 mass % of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40 C. of 7.5 mm.sup.2/s or greater and a density of 790 kg/m.sup.3 or greater; and (c) diesel base fuel. The diesel fuel composition of the present invention provides improved cold flow properties while simultaneously maintaining other properties such as viscosity and density within diesel fuel specification requirements.

The present application relates to a process for producing normally gaseous, normally liquid, and optionally normally solid hydrocarbons from synthesis gas in a three-phase reactor, said reactor comprising a top middle and bottom part wherein the bottom and top part are fluidly connected via one or more reactor tubes, wherein one or more reactor tubes comprise randomly stacked catalyst bodies held stationary in the reactor tube and the reactor is at least partially filled with a liquid medium, said process comprising the steps of: (i) introducing the synthesis gas into the reactor via the bottom part; and (ii) contacting the synthesis gas with a stationary catalyst to catalytically convert the synthesis gas at an elevated temperature to obtain the normally gaseous, normally liquid, and optionally normally solid hydrocarbons from synthesis gas; (iii) withdrawing the normally gaseous, normally liquid, and optionally normally solid hydrocarbons; wherein the catalyst bodies have an open celled foam structure.

Systems, apparatuses and methods of utilizing a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) tail gas purge stream for recycling are disclosed. One or more methods include removing an FT tail gas purge stream from an FT tail gas produced by an FT reactor, treating the FT tail gas purge stream with steam in a water gas shift (WGS) reactor, having a WGS catalyst, to produce a shifted FT purge stream including carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and removing at least a portion of the carbon dioxide from the shifted FT purge stream, producing a carbon dioxide stream and a treated purge stream. Other embodiments are also disclosed.