Systems and methods for crude oil separations including degassing, dewatering, desalting, and stabilization. One method includes separating crude oil into a crude oil off-gas and a partially degassed crude oil output; compressing the crude oil off-gas; applying the compressed crude oil off-gas for indirect heating through reboilers of the partially degassed crude oil output; and directly mixing with the crude oil a compressed atmospheric pressure gas. In some embodiments, multiple reboilers are used. In some embodiments, heat exchangers are used. Aftercoolers are used after the compressor to cool the gas; knockout drums are used after the coolers to separate liquids.

Apparatus, means and methods of employing fuel cell power modules are disclosed for generating electricity by electrochemical conversion of hydrogen, which is provided by dehydrogenation of a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) as a renewable fuel source. Also disclosed are fuel cell units that are energy balanced with a dehydrogenation unit, such that the fuel cell units are the sole source of heat for the dehydrogenation unit. Also disclosed are means of employing the liquid organic hydrogen carrier with carbon-neutral additives within improved fuel cells employing liquid heat transfer fluids and distribution means that efficiently repurpose generated heat to provide for overall net carbon-neutral and net zero carbon-based hydrogen emissions using the disclosed apparatus, means and methods.

A treatment method for remediating various contaminants including H.sub.2S, CO.sub.2, NH.sub.3 and other contaminants contained in fluids being extracted from the earth comprises steps of: preparing an aqueous based treatment composition containing water and collectively 35-55 weight percent of one or more hydroxide compounds; injecting a dosage amount of the treatment composition into contaminated fluids located in a subterranean deposit under the earth's surface such that the treatment composition mixes with the fluids deep under the earth's surface; and extracting a mixture of the contaminated fluids and the treatment composition through a well such that the treatment compositions remediates contaminants in the fluids as the mixture passes through the well to the earth's surface, wherein a dosage amount of the treatment composition may be 0.010 to 10.0 ml of the aqueous based treatment composition/liter of the contaminated fluids being extracted from the subterranean deposit.

A method for desulfurizing crude oil and sulfur rich petroleum refinery fractions is disclosed. The method includes feeding the crude oil and sulfur rich petroleum refinery fractions to a reactor. An oxidation catalyst is added to the crude oil and sulfur rich petroleum refinery fractions. The crude oil and sulfur rich petroleum refinery fractions and the oxidation catalyst are stirred to form co-polymers of sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds. The co-polymers of sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds are separated by filtration or by centrifugation.

A catalyst is provided having: (a) at least one multimetallic salt; and (b) at least one organic acid, wherein the at least one multimetallic salt to the at least one organic acid weight ratio is in the range of 1:0.01-1:0.5. A process is also provided for the preparation of the catalyst and for the preparation of the multimetallic salt.

Systems and methods for separation of hydrocarbon containing fluids are provided. More particularly, the disclosure is relevant to separating fluids having a gas phase, a hydrocarbon liquid phase, and an aqueous liquid phase using indirect heating. In general, the system uses a first three-phase gas separation. The gas stream separated out is cooled with the resulting hydrocarbon condensates reintroduced to the stream of hydrocarbon-liquid phase that was separated from the fluid. The resulting combined stream can be cooled or heated as necessary.

Systems and methods are provided for co-processing of renewable distillate fractions with mineral fractions to produce at least a jet (or kerosene) boiling range product and a diesel boiling range product. A combination of a jet boiling range product fraction and a diesel boiling range product fraction with unexpected properties can be formed by first blending i) a distillate boiling range feed fraction containing a renewable distillate component with ii) a mineral feed fraction (possibly corresponding to a whole or partial crude oil) that includes diesel boiling range compounds to form a blended composition. The blended composition can then be fractionated to form a jet boiling range product fraction and a diesel boiling range product fraction. Optionally, the resulting jet boiling range product fraction and/or diesel boiling range product fraction can be exposed to further processing, such as hydroprocessing or catalytic cracking.

A method for determining the quality of crude oil exiting a gas-oil separation plant (GOSP) is disclosed. The GOSP comprises sensors that determine process parameters of the crude oil. The method involves determining, from the process parameters, WiO-parameters that depend on the concentration of water in the crude oil (WiO), determining virtual parameters of the crude oil, determining total parameters by adding the virtual parameters to the WiO-parameters. Further, a feedback loop involves changing one or more of the total parameters, determining the quality of the crude oil exiting the GOSP, wherein when the quality is improved, the change in the one or more total parameters is maintained, and when the quality is worsened, the change in the one or more total parameters is reversed. The feedback-loop is repeated as long as the quality of the crude oil exiting the GOSP increases.

A process is disclosed for increasing gasoline and middle distillate selectivity in catalytic cracking. A process can include co-processing at least pyrolysis liquid and a distillation residue from tall oil distillation in a catalytic cracking process in a presence of a solid catalyst to provide a cracking product.

A method is provided for inputting thermal energy into fluidic medium in a process or processes related to oil refining and/or petrochemical industries by at least one rotary apparatus comprising a casing with at least one inlet and at least one exit, a rotor comprising at least one row of rotor blades arranged over a circumference of a rotor hub mounted onto a rotor shaft, and a stator configured as an assembly of stationary vanes arranged at least upstream of the at least one row of rotor blades. In the method, an amount of thermal energy is imparted to a stream of fluidic medium directed along a flow path formed inside the casing between the inlet and the exit by virtue of a series of energy transformations occurring when said stream of fluidic medium passes through stationary and rotating components of said rotary apparatus, respectively. The method further comprises: integration of said at least one rotary apparatus into a heat-consuming process facility configured as a refining and/or petrochemical facility and further configured to carry out heat-consuming process or processes related to refining of oil and/or producing petrochemicals at temperatures essentially equal to or exceeding 500 degrees Celsius (° C.), and conducting an amount of input energy into the at least one rotary apparatus integrated into the heat-consuming process facility, the input energy comprises electrical energy. A rotary apparatus and related uses are further provided.