Systems for producing fuel compositions with predetermined desirable properties are disclosed. Feedback control can be employed to meter precise amounts of fuel composition components while monitoring fuel composition properties to obtain fuel compositions having specifically defined properties.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel contained within a frame work based on ISO 40 foot or ISO 20 foot container dimensions.

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems and processes for producing olefins and/or dienes. The systems and processes may include thermally cracking a C1-C4 hydrocarbon containing feed to produce a cracked hydrocarbon effluent containing a mixture of olefins and paraffins. The systems and processes may also include dehydrogenating the cracked hydrocarbon effluent to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon effluent containing additional olefins and/or dienes.

A process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, the process involving: mixing a quantity of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a feedstock mixture; contacting the feedstock mixture with one or more catalysts to form a Process Mixture from the feedstock mixture; separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components of the Process Mixture and, discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and the Environmental Contaminants, which are selected from the group consisting of: a sulfur; vanadium, nickel, iron, aluminum and silicon and combinations thereof, have concentration less than 0.5 wt %. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil can be used as or as a blending stock for an ISO 8217 compliant, IMO MARPOL Annex VI (revised) compliant low sulfur or ultralow sulfur heavy marine fuel oil.

A process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, the process involving: mixing a quantity of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a feedstock mixture; contacting the feedstock mixture with one or more catalysts to form a Process Mixture from the feedstock mixture; separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components of the Process Mixture and, discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and the sulfur and Specific Contaminants have concentration less than 0.5 wt %., wherein the Specific Contaminates are selected from the group consisting of: vanadium, sodium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, zinc, phosphorus, nickel, iron and combinations thereof. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil can be used as or as a blending stock for an ISO 8217 compliant, IMO MARPOL Annex VI (revised) compliant low sulfur or ultralow sulfur heavy marine fuel oil.

Methods and systems of producing chemical feedstocks from crude oil can include: introducing a fraction of crude oil into a catalytic hydrovisbreaker reactor, wherein the crude oil fraction is dealkylated after introduction; introducing a product stream from the catalytic hydrovisbreaker reactor and a solvent into a solvent de-asphalter unit; and introducing de-asphalted oil from the unit into a two-stage hydrocracker to produce the chemical feedstocks. The crude oil fraction can be atmospheric residue or vacuum residue. The chemical feedstocks can include C.sub.3.sup. gases, C.sub.4-C.sub.5 gases, naphtha, BTX, and gas oil. The chemical feedstocks can be used to produce olefins and polymers.

A multi-stage process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and an ionic liquid extraction desulfurizing process as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217A for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.5% wt. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed.

Provided herein are methods and systems of making a high quality isoparaffinic base stock which include contacting an adsorbent material with a hydrocarbon feedstock and a solvent and separating at least some of the one or more high VI components from the hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a first fraction base stock having a first fraction base stock viscosity index. The adsorbent material is desorbed with a second solvent to produce a second fraction base stock having a second fraction base stock viscosity index. In these methods, the first fraction base stock viscosity index is less than the hydrocarbon feedstock viscosity index and the second fraction base stock viscosity index is greater than the hydrocarbon feedstock viscosity index.

The present invention relates to a method for the selective hydrogenation of polyunsaturated compounds containing at least two carbon atoms per molecule in the presence of a catalyst comprising an active phase made from at least one group VIII metal and a support in the form of a ceramic or metal foam, the catalyst having a geometric surface area of between 1000 and 7000 m.sup.2/m.sup.3 and a pore diameter of between 0.2 and 1.5 mm.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core process under reactive conditions in a Reaction System composed of one or more reaction vessels, wherein one or more of the reaction vessels contains one or more catalysts in the form of a structured catalyst bed and is operated under reactive distillation conditions. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed.