Turbine fuel provided for large-scale land based turbines used by utilities for producing electricity and desalinated water, and for large mobile engines and turbines in marine and remote applications where only liquid fuels are available. Use results in less corrosion, ash formation and emissions (NOx, SOx, CO2 and noxious metals) than firing contaminated heavy crude, refinery residual oils or high sulfur fuel oils. Manufacture is by decontaminating crude oils, non-conventional crudes, and other highly contaminated feeds. Each fuel is produced as a single product of unit operations, not ex-plant blend of various refinery products, yet using an apparatus configuration less complex than conventional crude oil refining. These fuels can be fired by advanced high efficiency turbines of combined cycle power plants having hot flow paths and heat recovery steam generation systems susceptible to corrosion, which systems cannot otherwise risk contaminated heavy crudes or refinery residual oils feeds.

Techniques for processing residuum include receiving a feed stream that includes a residuum hydrocarbon fraction at an ebullated bed hydroconversion reactor; contacting the residuum hydrocarbon fraction with hydrogen and a hydroconversion catalyst in the ebullated bed hydroconversion reactor to produce a partially converted reactor effluent product; separating, in a first separation zone, the partially converted reactor effluent product into a distillate stream and a heavy hydrocarbon stream; feeding the distillate stream to a bottom portion of an integrated hydrocracking/hydrofinishing reactor; and feeding the heavy hydrocarbon stream to a top portion of the hydrofinishing reactor.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a Environmental Contaminate level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel.

An ebullated bed hydroprocessing system is upgraded using a dual catalyst system that includes a heterogeneous catalyst and dispersed metal sulfide particles, which permits recycling of vacuum bottoms without recycle buildup of asphaltenes. The dual catalyst system more effectively converts asphaltenes in the ebullated bed reactor and increases asphaltene conversion by an amount that at least offsets higher asphaltene concentration resulting from recycling of vacuum bottoms. In this way, there is no recycle buildup of asphaltenes in upgraded ebullated bed reactor notwithstanding recycling of vacuum bottoms. In addition, residual dispersed metal sulfide catalyst particles in the vacuum bottoms can maintain or increase the concentration of the dispersed metal sulfide catalyst in the ebullated bed reactor.

An integrated process is provided herein having a first reaction zone to lower sulfur and nitrogen content of the initial feedstock to a target level to facilitate processing in a second reaction zone for deep hydrogenation. With the very low heteroatom content, noble metal catalyst materials used in the second reaction zone are protected and maximum saturation of aromatics is achieved. The processes and systems herein are suitable for converting certain heavy fractions, typically considered “low value” feedstocks, into higher value products including gasoline and diesel, and a hydrogen-rich, aromatic-lean heavy fraction suitable as feed for olefin production processes, or as a lubricant base oil.

Processes and systems are disclosed for improving the yield from reforming processes. Aromatic complex bottoms, or a heavy fraction thereof, are subjected to hydrodearylation and hydrogenation to produce additional gasoline blending components and aromatic products.

A process for conversion of a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock in a moving bed hydroprocessing reactor is provided in which (a) hydrogen gas is dissolved in the liquid feedstock and (b) the mixture is flashed to remove and recover any light components, leaving a hydrogen-enriched feedstock. A homogeneous and/or heterogeneous catalyst is added to the feedstock upstream of the moving bed hydroprocessing rector.

Process scheme configurations are disclosed that enable deep hydrogenation of middle distillates. The hydrogenated middle distillates are processed in a steam cracker for conversion into light olefins. Feeds to the deep hydrogenation zone include diesel range streams from a diesel hydrotreating zone, a gas oil hydroprocessing zone, and/or a vacuum residue hydrocracking zone. The deep hydrogenation zone operates under conditions effective to reduce aromatic content in a diesel range feedstream from a range of about 10-40 wt % or greater, to a hydrogenated distillate range intermediate product having an aromatic content of less than about 5-0.5 wt %.

Process scheme configurations are disclosed that enable deep hydrogenation of middle distillates. The hydrogenated middle distillates are processed in a steam cracker for conversion into light olefins. Feeds to the deep hydrogenation zone include diesel range streams from a diesel hydrotreating zone, a gas oil hydroprocessing zone, and/or a vacuum residue hydrocracking zone. The deep hydrogenation zone operates under conditions effective to reduce aromatic content in a diesel range feedstream from a range of about 10-40 wt % or greater, to a hydrogenated distillate range intermediate product having an aromatic content of less than about 5-0.5 wt %.

Process scheme configurations are disclosed that enable deep hydrogenation of middle distillates. The hydrogenated middle distillates are processed in a steam cracker for conversion into light olefins. Feeds to the deep hydrogenation zone include diesel range streams from a diesel hydrotreating zone, a gas oil hydroprocessing zone, and/or a vacuum residue hydrocracking zone. The deep hydrogenation zone operates under conditions effective to reduce aromatic content in a diesel range feedstream from a range of about 10-40 wt % or greater, to a hydrogenated distillate range intermediate product having an aromatic content of less than about 5-0.5 wt %.