A blend for producing a mixture of hydrocarbons by thermal cracking, the blend comprising a renewable paraffin composition and fossil naphtha.

The present disclosure provides processes to convert paraffins to corresponding olefins and or heavier hydrocarbons. In at least one embodiment, a process includes introducing, at a temperature of from about 50° C. to about 500° C., a hydrocarbon feed comprising paraffins to a first metal oxide comprising one or more group 1 to group 17 metal and one or more oxygen. The process includes obtaining a product mixture comprising one or more C3-C50 cyclic olefins, one or more C2-C50 acyclic olefins, one or more C5-C200 hydrocarbons, such as one or more C5-C100 hydrocarbons, or a mixture thereof. In at least one embodiment, the product mixture is substantially free of H2 (e.g., <500 ppm). The introducing can reduce the first metal oxide to form a second metal oxide. Processes may include introducing the second metal oxide to an oxidizing agent to form the first metal oxide.

A composition of fuel gas that when mixed with spent catalyst and oxygen has an induction time that allows bubbles to break up while combusting in the regenerator. Bubble breakage in a dense bed avoids generation of a flame that can generate hot spots in the regenerator which can damage equipment and catalyst. The fuel gas can be obtained from paraffin dehydrogenation products, so it can sustain operation of the unit even in remote locations. Heavier streams can be mixed with lighter streams to obtain a fuel gas composition with a desirable induction time to avoid such hot spots. Mixing of a depropanizer bottom stream and/or deethanizer overhead stream with lighter gas streams such as cold box light gas or PSA tail gas can provide the desired fuel gas composition.

Methods that increase production of a liquid transportation fuel blend component by utilizing C5 hydrocarbon streams taken from both a refinery naphtha stream and an NGL fractionator pentanes plus stream. A high vapor pressure pentane fraction from the NGL fractionator is separated to remove isopentane and produce lower vapor pressure commodity natural gasoline. A refinery naphtha stream (that is optionally an FCC naphtha stream) is separated to produce a C5 olefins stream that is then oligomerized to produce an upgraded stream having lower vapor pressure and higher octane rating, then combined with the remainder of the naphtha stream as well as the isopentane stream to produce a gasoline blend component that meets specifications for vapor pressure and octane rating.

Methods comprising contacting a residue comprising paraffinic, olefinic, and aromatic hydrocarbons with a polar solvent under conditions effective to extract at least a portion of the aromatic hydrocarbons from the residue into the polar solvent, thereby generating: an extract phase comprising the portion of aromatic hydrocarbons and the polar solvent; and, a raffinate phase comprising a majority of the paraffinic and olefinic hydrocarbons.

A blend for producing a mixture of hydrocarbons by thermal cracking, the blend comprising a renewable paraffin composition and fossil naphtha.

The invention is directed to a process to prepare propylene from a hydrocarbon feed comprising pentane by contacting the hydrocarbon feed with a heterogeneous cracking catalyst as present in one or more fixed beds thereby obtaining a cracked effluent. The heterogeneous catalyst comprises a matrix component and a molecular sieve comprising framework alumina, framework silica and a framework metal selected from the group of Zn, Fe, Ce, La, Y, Ga and/or Zr. Propylene is isolated from the cracked effluent.

Disclosed herein are processes for the production of hydrocarbon fuel products from C.sub.2-5 alkanes. Methane is converted to ethylene in a methane thermal olefination reactor operating at a temperature of at least 900° C. and a pressure of at least 150 psig, and without a dehydrogenation catalyst or steam. C.sub.2-5 alkanes are converted to olefins in a C.sub.2-5 thermal olefination reactor operating at a temperature, pressure and space velocity to convert at least 80% of the alkanes to C.sub.2-5 olefins. The ethylene and C.sub.2-5 olefins are passed through an oligomerization reactor containing a zeolite catalyst and operating at a temperature, pressure and space velocity to crack, oligomerize and cyclize the olefins. In one aspect, methane in the effluent of the oligomerization reactor is recycled through the C.sub.2-5 thermal olefination reactor. Methods for the thermal olefination of methane are also disclosed.

A method for producing a mixture hydrocarbons; a blend for producing a mixture of hydrocarbons; a mixture of hydrocarbons; and use of the mixture of hydrocarbons for producing chemicals and/or polymers.

A cryogenic distillation tower for separating a feed stream. The tower includes a distillation section. A controlled freeze zone section is situated above the distillation section and forms a solid from the feed stream. The controlled freeze zone section includes a spray assembly in an upper section and a melt tray assembly in a lower section. The melt tray assembly includes at least one vapor stream riser that directs the vapor from the distillation section into liquid retained by the melt tray assembly, and one or more draw-off openings positioned to permit a portion of the liquid to exit the controlled freeze zone section. The portion of the liquid indirectly exchanges heat with a heating fluid. One or more return inlets return the portion of the liquid to the melt tray assembly after it has been heated in the heat exchanger.