Magnetic treatment of hydrocarbon fuel flowing through a fuel conduit. A plurality of magnets with repelling polarity affects the fuel structure and alternating said structure by aligning the hydrocarbons in a parallel uniform manner to increase combustion efficiency, thus increasing power while reducing pollutants and exhaust emissions.

Methods and systems for producing pyrolysis products from a mixed plastics stream are described herein. The method may include conducting pyrolysis of a plastic feedstock to produce a stream of plastic pyrolysis oil; feeding a catalytic cracking feed stream and a catalyst from a catalyst regenerator into a fluidized bed reactor, where the catalytic cracking feed stream comprises the plastic pyrolysis oil; cracking the catalytic cracking feed stream in the fluidized bed reactor to produce a product stream and a spent catalyst; and transporting the spent catalyst to the catalyst regenerator and regenerating the catalyst in the catalyst regenerator. The product stream comprises olefins having a carbon number of C.sub.2-C.sub.4 and distillate fuel.

A system for crude oil desalting and dehydration includes a separation vessel defining a cavity extending along a central axis having a substantially-vertical orientation. The separation vessel comprises a first distributor configured to distribute a mixture within the cavity of the separation vessel, and a second distributor configured to distribute a wash fluid within the cavity of the separation vessel. The mixture comprises crude oil, water, dissolved salts, free salts, or combinations thereof, and the wash fluid comprises an aqueous fluid. The first distributor is disposed within the cavity below the second distributor, and an interface level controller is configured to detect an interface between an oil phase and an aqueous phase and to maintain the interface within a predetermined range within the cavity.

Marine diesel fuel/fuel blending component compositions and fuel oil/fuel blending component compositions are provided that are derived from crude oils having high naphthenes to aromatics volume and/or weight ratios and a low sulfur content. In addition to having a high naphthenes to aromatics ratio, a low sulfur content, and a low but substantial content of aromatics, such fuels and/or fuel blending components can have a reduced or minimized carbon intensity relative to fuels derived from conventional sources. The unexpected ratio of naphthenes to aromatics contributes to the fuels and/or fuel blending components further having additional unexpected properties, including low density, low kinematic viscosity, and/or high energy density.

This development proposed adding a catalyst to an oxygen stripper. The oxygen stripper would be run at a temperature just below or at coking temp. The oxygen stripper includes a catalyst containing Group VI or VII metals to remove free radicals. Most preferably, the catalyst is a nickel-molybdenum catalyst.

Methods for separation of oxygenates or other chemical components from fuels using chemical processes and separations including, but not limited to, onboard applications in vehicles. These separations may take place using a variety of materials and substances whereby a target material of interest is captured, held, and then released at a desired location and under desired conditions. In one set of experiments we demonstrated an enhancement in the separation of diaromatics by >38 times over gasoline and aromatics by >3.5 times over gasoline. This would give an advantage to reducing cold-start emissions, or emissions during transient conditions, in either gasoline or diesel.

A method and composition for isolating a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer from a sludge comprising a mixture of paraffinic hydrocarbons, water, and solids are provided. The method comprises providing a paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition comprising isopropylamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, a surfactant, and a solvent; contacting the sludge with the paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition; and allowing the paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition to separate the sludge into a three phase separation comprising a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer, a water layer, and a layer of settled solids.

A process for purification a hydrocarbon stream including: (a) Providing a hydrocarbon stream having a diene value of at least 1.0, a bromine number of at least 5 g and containing at least 10 wt % of pyrolysis plastic oil; b) contacting the effluent obtained in step a) with a silica gel, clays, alkaline or alkaline earth metal oxide, iron oxide, ion exchange resins, active carbon, active aluminium oxide, molecular sieves, alkaline oxide and/or porous supports, and/or silica gel, or any mixture thereof; c) performing a first hydrotreating step; d) contacting the effluent obtained in step c) with silica gel, clays, alkaline or alkaline earth metal oxide, iron oxide, ion exchange resins, active carbon, active aluminium oxide, molecular sieves, alkaline oxide and/or porous supports and silica gel, or any mixture thereof; e) performing a second hydrotreating step; and f) recovering a purified hydrocarbon stream.

A process and system for reducing contaminants contained in a contaminated feedstock comprising mixing the contaminated feedstock with water and at least one of metal scavengers or reactants, to form a feedstock-water-reactant mixture, feeding the mixture under pressure into a hydrothermal purification reactor, wherein the mixture is subject to heat, pressure, and turbulent flow conditions to cause rapid reaction of the inorganic contaminants with the metal scavengers or reactants to form inorganic salts that partition into an aqueous phase and maintaining the temperature, pressure, and turbulent flow conditions of the feedstock-water-reactant mixture for a predetermined space time to prevent the organic portion of the feedstock in the mixture from undergoing a conversion reaction and to form a hydrothermal reactor effluent; and separating the effluent into the aqueous phase containing salts of the inorganic contaminants and an organic phase that contains a lower concentration of inorganic contaminants than the contaminated feedstock.

Methods and systems for producing aromatics and light olefins from a mixed plastics stream are described. The method may include feeding a plastic feedstock to a dechlorination operation to melt the plastic feedstock to release HCl and generate a liquid plastic stream; feeding the liquid plastic stream to a pyrolysis reactor, the pyrolysis reactor to generate hydrocarbon vapors; feeding the hydrocarbon vapors to an acid gas removal reactor with a solid inorganic alkali salt disposed within the reaction vessel to remove residual HCl and sulfur-containing compounds from the hydrocarbon vapors to generate a plastic derived oil; and feeding the plastic derived oil to a steam enhanced catalytic cracking reactor to generate a product stream comprising light olefins having a carbon number of C.sub.2-C.sub.4 and aromatics. The associated system for processing mixed plastics into aromatics and light olefins is also described.