Methods of maximizing diesel production are describes. The methods include providing a stream of heavy heavy naphtha; and blending the stream of heavy heavy naphtha with a diesel stream from the crude distillation zone to increase diesel production while maintaining the blended diesel stream within a specification for diesel. Various apparatus for maximizing diesel production are also described.

Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise hydrogenating the olefins under conditions sufficient to form a fuel composition. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product.

A multi-stage process for the production of a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil compliant with ISO 8217:2017 as a Table 2 residual marine fuel from a high sulfur Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil compliant with ISO 8217:2017 as a Table 2 residual marine fuel except for the sulfur level, involving hydrotreating under reactive distillation conditions in a Reaction System composed of one or more reaction vessels. The reactive distillation conditions allow more than 75% by mass of the Process Mixture to exit the bottom of the reaction vessel as Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) less than 0.5 mass %. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed.

A process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, the process involving: mixing a quantity of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a feedstock mixture; contacting the feedstock mixture with one or more catalysts to form a Process Mixture from the feedstock mixture; separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components of the Process Mixture and, discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.5% wt. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil can be used as or as a blending stock for an ISO 8217 compliant, IMO MARPOL Annex VI (revised) compliant low sulfur or ultralow sulfur heavy marine fuel oil. A device for conducting the process is also disclosed.

Methods and compositions are provided for refining natural oils and for producing high-weight esters, high-weight acids, and/or high-weight derivatives thereof, wherein the compositions are made by cross-metathesizing low-weight unsaturated esters or low-weight unsaturated acids having hydrocarbon chain lengths less than or equal to C24 with an olefin feedstock, thereby forming a metathesized product composition including high-weight esters or high-weight acids having hydrocarbon chain lengths greater than C18, wherein at least a portion of the hydrocarbon chain lengths in the metathesized product are larger than the hydrocarbon chain lengths in the starting feedstock.

Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise hydrogenating the olefins under conditions sufficient to form a fuel composition. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product.

The disclosure is generally directed to the field of optimizing feedstock in pyrolysis systems. A method of obtaining pyrolysis oil from a feedstock comprising rubber comprises the steps of: providing a feedstock comprising rubber; milling the feedstock, thereby providing particles; and pyrolyzing the particles in a vessel; wherein the median size of the particles is from about 0.5 mm to about 15 mm, optionally from about 0.5 mm to about 12 mm, optionally from about 0.5 mm to about 9 mm, optionally from about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, optionally 15 mm or smaller, optionally 12 mm or smaller, optionally 9 mm or smaller, optionally 6 mm or smaller. The feedstock optionally comprises a plurality of tires.

Methods are provided for rapidly characterizing a feedstock being considered for lubricant base oil production in order to determine the viscosity index potential of the feedstock. It has unexpectedly been discovered that the DDVI value for a feedstock at a specified pour point can be predicted based on a) the feed distillate residual wax content at a temperature as determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, such as the feed distillate residual wax content at a temperature corresponding to the specified pour point temperature; b) the feed distillate refractive index; c) the feed distillate kinematic viscosity at a temperature, such as kinematic viscosity at 100 C.; and d) the distillate volume-averaged boiling point. Based on this unexpected correlation, the VI potential of a feedstock can be determined based on measurement of properties that can be performed on a time scale corresponding to one or a few days using a few milliliters of feedstock.

Assemblies and methods to enhance hydrotreating and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes associated with a refining operation, during the processes, may include supplying a hydrocarbon feedstock to a cat feed hydrotreater (CFH) processing unit to produce CFH unit materials. The assemblies and methods also may include conditioning material samples, and analyzing the samples via one or more spectroscopic analyzers. The assemblies and methods further may include prescriptively controlling, via one or more FCC process controllers, based at least in part on the material properties, a FCC processing assembly, so that the prescriptively controlling results in causing the processes to produce CFH materials, intermediate materials, the unit materials, and/or the downstream materials having properties within selected ranges of target properties, thereby to cause the processes to achieve material outputs that more accurately and responsively converge on one or more of the target properties.

The hydroisomerization catalyst of the present invention is a catalyst used for hydroisomerization of a hydrocarbon, including a support including a calcined zeolite modified with at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, and K, and having a thermal history that includes heating at 350 C. or more, and at least one inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, boria, zirconia, magnesia, ceria, zinc oxide, phosphorus oxide, and a composite oxide containing a combination of at least two or more of these oxides; and at least one metal supported on the support and selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Groups 8 to 10 of the periodic table, molybdenum and tungsten.