Systems and methods for enhancing the processing of hydrocarbons in a FCC unit by introduction of the coked FCC catalyst from the FCC reactor and a renewable feedstock to the FCC regenerator to facilitate regeneration of the coked FCC catalyst. The renewable feedstock can contain biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and coke from the coked FCC catalyst are oxidized by oxygen to provide a regenerated catalyst that is recycled to the FCC reactor.

A method of converting a liquid hydrocarbon stream to lower boiling point hydrocarbons may include converting the liquid hydrocarbon stream to an aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream, and subjecting the aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream to reaction conditions. Reaction conditions may include a temperature from 25° C. to 1,000° C. and a pressure from 1 bar to 15 bar. The method may further include forming the lower boiling point hydrocarbons in the aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream and separating the lower boiling point hydrocarbons from the aerosolized hydrocarbon particle stream. The lower boiling point hydrocarbons may comprise at least C.sub.2-C.sub.4 olefins.

Oxidized disulfide oil (ODSO) compounds or ODSO compounds and disulfide oil (DSO) compounds are reacted with a hydrogen addition feed in a hydroprocessing complex. The hydrogen addition process can include naphtha hydrotreatment, middle distillate hydrotreatment, vacuum gas oil hydrocracking, and vacuum gas oil hydrotreatment. The ODSO or ODSO and DSO components are converted to hydrogen sulfide, water and alkanes.

A method for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a pyrolysis oil feed with hydrogen in the presence of a mixed metal oxide catalyst in a first slurry reactor, where: the pyrolysis oil feed comprises multi-ring aromatic compounds comprising greater than or equal to sixteen carbon atoms, and contacting the pyrolysis oil feed with hydrogen in the presence of the mixed metal oxide catalyst in the first slurry reactor to convert at least a portion of the multi-ring aromatic compounds in the pyrolysis oil feed to light aromatic compounds comprising di-aromatic compounds, tri-aromatic compounds, or both, passing an intermediate stream comprising the light aromatic compounds to a second slurry reactor downstream of the first slurry reactor; and contacting the intermediate stream with hydrogen in the presence of a mesoporous zeolite supported metal catalyst in a second slurry reactor.

A modified Y-type molecular sieve has a rare earth content of about 4-11% by weight on the basis of rare earth oxide, a sodium content of no more than about 0.5 wt % by weight on the basis of sodium oxide, a zinc content of about 0.5-5% by weight on the basis of zinc oxide, a phosphorus content of about 0.05-10% by weight on the basis of phosphorus pentoxide, a framework silica-alumina ratio of about 7-14 calculated on the basis of SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 molar ratio, a percentage of non-framework aluminum content to the total aluminum content of no more than about 10%, and a percentage of the pore volume of secondary pores having a pore size of 2-100 nm to the total pore volume of about 20-40%. The modified Y-type molecular sieve has a high crystallinity and a high thermal and hydrothermal stability, and is rich in secondary pores.

Embodiments of the disclosure provide an aqueous reforming system and a method for upgrading heavy hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon feed and a surfactant stream are combined to produce a first precursor stream. The first precursor stream and an alkali feed are combined to produce a second precursor stream. The second precursor stream and a transition metal feed are combined to produce a catalytic emulsion stream. The catalytic emulsion stream is heated to produce a catalytic suspension and a decomposition gas, where the decomposition gas is separated by a first separator. The catalytic suspension is combined with a preheated water stream to produce an aqueous reformer feed. The aqueous reformer feed is introduced to an aqueous reformer such that the heavy hydrocarbons undergo conversion reactions to produce an effluent stream. The effluent stream is introduced to a second separator to produce a heavy stream and a light stream. The light stream is introduced to a third separator to produce a gas stream, a distillate stream, and a spent water stream. Optionally, a portion of the distillate stream and the hydrocarbon feed can be combined to produce the first precursor stream such that the first precursor stream is in the absence of a surfactant.

The present invention relates to a sequential thermo-chemical treatment along with adsorption-based pre-treatment process for residual oils having a very high naphthenic acid content. First stage of the process is a thermal pre-treatment step which results into generation of hydrocarbon stream with a reduced naphthenic acid content due to high temperature. In second stage of pre-treatment, generated hydrocarbon stream from stage-1 is subjected to esterification reaction with alcohol, such as methanol, to further reduce the TAN of hydrocarbon stream. After recovery of alcohol from the reaction mixture, depending on TAN reduction required reaction mixture may be subjected to an adsorption stage, third stage pre-treatment, where an adsorbent mixture comprising of FCC spent catalyst is used to adsorb the TAN of feed hydrocarbon stream. The treated hydrocarbon stream is then co-processed with DCU feed stock for producing lighter hydrocarbons.

A highly active hydroprocessing catalyst that comprises a doped support having been impregnated with a metal-impregnation solution, comprising a complexing agent and a hydrogenation metal, and filled with an organic additive blend. The catalyst is made by providing a doped support particle followed by impregnating the doped support particle with a metal impregnation solution that contains both a hydrogenation metal component and a complexing agent component to provide a metal-impregnated doped support particle. The metal-impregnated doped support particle is dried, but not calcined, and impregnated with an organic additive blend component.

The invention provides a method for breaking down long chained hydrocarbons from plastic-containing waste and organic liquids based on crude oil, comprising providing material containing long-chained hydrocarbons; heating a specific volume of the material containing long-chained hydrocarbons to a cracking temperature, at which cracking temperature the chains of hydrocarbons in the material start cracking into shorter chains; and for the specific volume having a temperature above the cracking temperature, exposing the specific volume to heat which is less than or equal to 50° C. above the temperature of the specific volume. The invention also provides an apparatus for carrying out the invention.

The present invention relates to a method for producing very low-sulfur fuel oil having high compatibility and high stability, comprising: mixing petroleum residua obtained from at least two different petroleum refining processes, adding a hydrocarbon solvent to the residual petroleum mixture, heating the mixture of the petroleum residua mixture and hydrocarbon solvent to extract and recover a mixture of oil fractions and the hydrocarbon solvent from the mixture of the petroleum residua mixture and hydrocarbon solvent with raffinate having asphaltenes therein being left, and removing the hydrocarbon solvent from the mixture of the oil fractions and the hydrocarbon solvent, thereby obtaining very low-sulfur fuel oil, wherein the very low-sulfur fuel oil has a sulfur content of 0.5 wt % or less bared on the total weight of the very low-sulfur fuel oil, and very low-sulfur fuel oil produced by the production method.