A novel method of separating bio oil (pyrolysis oil) into oxygenated rich species and lignin/phenolic based species in a highly efficient manner is provided. Lignin and phenolic fractions can be separated from light oxygenates from bio oil by use of reversible ?-hydroxysulfonic acid.

A method for carbon dioxide direct hydrogenation to gasoline-range hydrocarbons is provided in this invention. Under the reaction conditions of 250-450 C., 0.01-10.0 MPa, 500-50000 mL/(h.Math.g.sub.cat) of feedstocks, 0.5-8 molar ratio of H.sub.2 to CO.sub.2, the mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen may be directly converted to gasoline-range hydrocarbons over a multifunctional hybrid catalyst. The multifunctional hybrid catalyst comprises: iron-based catalyst for carbon dioxide hydrogenation as the first component, one, two or more of zeolites optionally modified by metal as the second component. In this method, a per-pass conversion of CO.sub.2 may achieve more than 33%, the methane selectivity in the hydrocarbon products is less than 8%, the selectivity of gasoline-range hydrocarbons with carbon numbers from 5 to 11 in the hydrocarbon products is more than 70%. The obtained gasoline-range hydrocarbons exhibit high octane number due to its composition comprising isoparaffins and aromatics as the major components.

A process is provided that includes pyrolyzing methane to form a stream of hydrogen and solid carbon and co-feeding a CO.sub.2-containing stream and the stream of hydrogen to a fuel synthesis unit in which the CO.sub.2 of the CO.sub.2-containing stream and the hydrogen of the stream of hydrogen are converted to a low-carbon intensity fuel. Also provided is a system comprising a pyrolizer for pyrolyzing methane having a methane inlet, an outlet for a stream of hydrogen, and an outlet for solid carbon. The system also comprises a fuel synthesis unit capable of receiving the stream of hydrogen and a CO.sub.2-containing stream in which the CO.sub.2 of the CO.sub.2-containing stream and the hydrogen of the stream of hydrogen are converted to a low-carbon intensity fuel.

A process for hydrotreating a feed stream comprising a biorenewable feedstock is disclosed. The process comprises hydrotreating the feed stream in the presence of a hydrotreating hydrogen stream and a hydrotreating catalyst to provide a hydrotreated stream. The hydrotreated stream is separated into a hydrotreated liquid stream and a hydrotreated gas stream. The hydrotreated liquid stream is subjected to stripping to provide a stripper off-gas stream. At least a portion of the stripper off-gas stream is contacted with a caustic stream to provide a sulfur-lean gas stream and a sulfur-rich caustic stream. The sulfur-rich caustic stream is further treated to provide a treated gas stream.

A process and/or system for producing biomethane, hydrogen, or fuel, fuel intermediate, and/or chemical product from the biomethane or hydrogen. The biomethane and/or hydrogen is produced in a process that converts biomass to biomethane. In certain embodiments, the biomethane production process includes anaerobic digestion, which produces biogas and digestate. Carbon-containing material (e.g., derived from the biomass) is stored and/or used as part of at least one carbon capture and storage process, where the carbon-containing material includes (i) carbon dioxide produced from the biomethane production process (e.g., produced from anaerobic digestion), and (ii) carbon-containing material obtained or derived from residue of the biomethane production process, and optionally includes (iii) carbon dioxide produced from the hydrogen production process.

Systems and methods to provide low carbon intensity (CI) hydrogen through one or more targeted reductions of carbon emissions based upon an analysis of carbon emissions associated with a combination of various options for feedstock procurement, feedstock refining, processing, or transformation, and hydrogen distribution pathways to end users. Such options are selected to maintain the total CI (carbon emissions per unit energy) of the hydrogen below a pre-selected threshold that defines an upper limit of CI for the hydrogen.

Systems and methods to provide low carbon intensity (CI) transportation fuels through one or more targeted reductions of carbon emissions based upon an analysis of carbon emissions associated with a combination of various options for feedstock procurement, feedstock refining, processing, or transformation, and fuel product distribution pathways to end users. Such options are selected to maintain the total CI (carbon emissions per unit energy) of the transportation fuel below a pre-selected threshold that defines an upper limit of CI for the transportation fuel.

A process for capturing carbon dioxide includes the steps of mixing a hydrogen stream and a feedstock stream to produce a mixed stream, wherein the feedstock stream includes hydrocarbons, reacting the hydrocarbons and the hydrogen in the primary reactor of the hydroprocessing unit to produce a hydroprocessing product stream and a carbon dioxide stream, wherein the hydroprocessing product stream includes light products, wherein the hydroprocessing unit is further configured to produce ammonium bisulfide, collecting the ammonium bisulfide in the water to produce a sour water, processing the sour water in the waste water unit to produce an ammonia stream, a hydrogen sulfide stream, and a stripped water stream, introducing the ammonia stream to a carbon dioxide recovery system, and separating carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide stream using the ammonia in the ammonia stream to produce a carbon dioxide product.

Provided is an integrated process for obtaining chemicals from renewable organic material by hydrotreatment including the steps of feeding the renewable organic material into at least one pre-treatment unit for removing any material not suitable as feedstock for subsequent hydrotreatment, feeding the pre-treated organic material from the at least one pre-treatment unit to at least one hydrotreatment unit for providing gas-oil like hydrocarbons from the pre-treated organic material in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst, feeding the gas-oil like hydrocarbons from the at least one hydrotreatment unit into at least one steam cracker furnace unit for thermal cracking for providing a cracked product mixture; and feeding the cracked product mixture into at least one steam cracker fractionation unit for separating the cracked product mixture into high value chemicals in particular ethylene, propylene, butadiene and BTX aromatics, hydrogen, fuel gas and fuel oil.

Mineral-rich streams of water may be processed using a method including separation. For example, a method may include: providing a first production stream and a second production stream, wherein both the first production stream and the second production stream comprise hydrocarbons and water, and wherein the first production stream contains carbonates and/or sulfates and the second production stream contains minerals, such that if the first production stream and the second production stream were combined scale would form; either (i) separating the first production stream into a first aqueous stream and a first hydrocarbon stream, wherein the first aqueous stream includes the carbonates and/or sulfates or (ii) separating the second production stream into a second aqueous stream and a second hydrocarbon stream, wherein the second aqueous stream includes the minerals; and combining the first hydrocarbon stream and the second production stream for further processing.