A method of transporting waxy crude hydrocarbon includes: providing a container having an internal chamber with at least one port for receiving flowable waxy crude, wherein the container is provided at a refinery location; filling the internal chamber of the container with a filling system for loading the waxy crude hydrocarbon into the container; allowing the waxy crude hydrocarbon to cool and solidify into a non-flowable state; transporting the container having the non-flowable waxy crude hydrocarbon with at least one transport vehicle, wherein the transporting is performed without actively heating the waxy crude hydrocarbon with an active heating system, wherein the transporting is along a transportation route having a beginning at the refinery location and an ending; heating the waxy crude hydrocarbon at the ending of the transportation route until flowable; and removing the flowable waxy crude hydrocarbon from the container with an emptying system.

A process is presented to treat a process stream containing a hydrocarbon (oil and/or gas) and hydrogen sulfide with a liquid treatment solution containing a sulfur dye catalyst. The process stream can be within a pipeline, wellbore, subsea pipeline or a wellhead that contains hydrogen sulfide where the liquid treatment solution is injected at a predetermined point to define a scavenger zone such that the sulfur dye catalyst in the liquid treatment solution causes the sulfide from the hydrogen sulfide to react with the catalyst. The hydrocarbon component is separated substantially free of the hydrogen sulfide from a spent treatment solution containing spent sulfur dye catalyst which can then be fed to an oxidation vessel where it is contacted with an oxygen containing gas causing the sulfide to oxidize to thiosulfate and converting the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. The thiosulfate can be recovered, and the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst can be recycled as part of the liquid treatment solution.

A process is presented to treat a process stream containing a hydrocarbon (oil and/or gas) and hydrogen sulfide with a liquid treatment solution containing a sulfur dye catalyst. The process stream can be within a pipeline, wellbore, subsea pipeline or a wellhead that contains hydrogen sulfide where the liquid treatment solution is injected at a predetermined point to define a scavenger zone such that the sulfur dye catalyst in the liquid treatment solution causes the sulfide from the hydrogen sulfide to react with the catalyst. The hydrocarbon component is separated substantially free of the hydrogen sulfide from a spent treatment solution containing spent sulfur dye catalyst which can then be fed to an oxidation vessel where it is contacted with an oxygen containing gas causing the sulfide to oxidize to thiosulfate and converting the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. The thiosulfate can be recovered, and the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst can be recycled as part of the liquid treatment solution.

A buoy comprising a hydrocarbon processing facility for processing production fluids received from an offshore well, the facility being disposed in a portion of the buoy that is submerged below the waterline, has a pressure relief channel for venting gas above the waterline. The pressure relief channel is in fluid communication with a chamber in the buoy which may contain the processing facility, or other equipment presenting an explosive hazard, and is the only conduit through which high pressure is exhausted. In particular, the pressure relief channel can contain the effects of an over-pressurisation event within the chamber such as ignition of flammable gas, and mitigate structural damage to the buoy.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO 8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a Reaction System composed of one or more reactor vessels selected from a group reactor wherein said one or more reactor vessels contains one or more reaction sections configured to promote the transformation of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil to the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed that can utilize a modular reactor vessel contained within a frame work based on ISO 40 foot or ISO 20 foot container dimensions.

A process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, the process involving: mixing a quantity of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a feedstock mixture; contacting the feedstock mixture with one or more catalysts to form a Process Mixture from the feedstock mixture; separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components of the Process Mixture and, discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and the Environmental Contaminants, which are selected from the group consisting of: a sulfur; vanadium, nickel, iron, aluminum and silicon and combinations thereof, have concentration less than 0.5 wt %. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil can be used as or as a blending stock for an ISO 8217 compliant, IMO MARPOL Annex VI (revised) compliant low sulfur or ultralow sulfur heavy marine fuel oil.

A process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, the process involving: mixing a quantity of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a feedstock mixture; contacting the feedstock mixture with one or more catalysts to form a Process Mixture from the feedstock mixture; separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components of the Process Mixture and, discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and the sulfur and Specific Contaminants have concentration less than 0.5 wt %., wherein the Specific Contaminates are selected from the group consisting of: vanadium, sodium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, zinc, phosphorus, nickel, iron and combinations thereof. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil can be used as or as a blending stock for an ISO 8217 compliant, IMO MARPOL Annex VI (revised) compliant low sulfur or ultralow sulfur heavy marine fuel oil.

A multi-stage process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and an ionic liquid extraction desulfurizing process as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217A for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.5% wt. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed.

A multi-stage process for the production of an ISO8217 compliant Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil from ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core process under reactive conditions in a Reaction System composed of one or more reaction vessels, wherein one or more of the reaction vessels contains one or more catalysts in the form of a structured catalyst bed and is operated under reactive distillation conditions. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process for conducting the process is disclosed.

A multi-stage process for reducing the environmental contaminants in an ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and a ultrasound treatment process as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed.