The present invention provides a process for hydro-demetallizing of residual hydro-carbonaceous feedstock. The process includes passing the feedstock to a vertically-disposed reaction zone to produce an effluent which is passed to at least one fixed bed reactor for further processing. The reaction zone includes at least one moving bed reactor, having at least one catalyst bed of hydro-demetallization catalyst configured for catalyst addition and removal. The hydrodemetallization catalyst is subjected to in-line fresh catalyst deairing, pressurizing, and hydrocarbon soaking via a catalyst sluicing system and sulphidic activation before entering the moving bed reactor at a top portion of the moving bed reactor. The hydrodemetallization catalyst is added to the moving bed reactor through gravity and any spent hydrodemetallization catalyst is removed from a bottom portion of the moving bed reactor. The removed spent hydrodemetallization catalyst is subjected to in-line spent catalyst hydrocarbon removal, depressurizing, inerting, and airing.

Systems and processes for producing olefins and aromatics. A process can include contacting a first hydrocarbon feed with a catalyst and a hydrogen source under conditions sufficient to produce a used catalyst and an intermediate stream containing olefins and aromatics, and contacting the used catalyst with the intermediate stream and a coke precursor feed to produce a spent coked catalyst and a products stream comprising additional olefins and aromatics.

An enhanced natural gas processing method using Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process for the synthesis of sulfur free, clean burning, hydrocarbon fuels, examples of which include syndiesel and aviation fuel. A selection of natural gas, separately or combined with portions of natural gas liquids and FT naphtha and FT vapours are destroyed in a syngas generator and used or recycled as feedstock to an Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactor in order to enhance the production of syndiesel from the reactor. The process enhancement results are the maximum production of formulated syndiesel without the presence or formation of low value by-products.

For the shipping industry, these fuels provide solutions to long outstanding technical problems that heretofore hindered supply of low sulfur marine fuels in quantities needed to meet worldwide sulfur reduction goals. Marine shipping use of high sulfur bunker oils is reported as largest source of worldwide transportation SOx emissions. When ships on the open seas burn cheap low grade heavy bunker oils high in sulfur, nitrogen and metals, the SOx, NOx, and metal oxides go to the environment. This invention converts essentially all of each barrel of crude feed to a single ultraclean fuel versus conventional refining where crude feed is cut into many pieces, and each piece is sent down a separate market path meeting various different product specifications. When in port, ships can use these fuels to generate and sell electricity to land based electrical grids to offset fuel cost in an environment-friendly manner.

A method for treating an offgas produced in the processing of a renewable feedstock, includes hydrotreating a renewable feedstock to produce an effluent having a hydrotreated liquid and a vapour phase. The effluent vapour phase contains hydrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide. The effluent is separated into a liquid stream and an offgas streams. The offgas stream, containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide is directed to abiological desulfurization unit where a majority of the hydrogen sulphide is converted to elemental sulphur and a CO2-rich gas stream is produced.

An integrated process for maximizing recovery of hydrogen is provided. The process comprises: providing a hydrocarbonaceous feed comprising naphtha, and a hydrogen stream to a reforming zone, wherein the hydrogen stream is obtained from at least one of a hydrocracking zone, a transalkylation zone, and an isomerization zone. The hydrocarbonaceous feed is reformed in the reforming zone in the presence of the hydrogen stream and a reforming catalyst to provide a reformate effluent stream. At least a portion of the reformate effluent stream is passed to a debutanizer column of the reforming zone to provide a net hydrogen stream and a fraction comprising liquid petroleum gas (LPG). At least a portion of the net hydrogen stream is recycled to the reforming zone as the hydrogen stream.

A process for conversion of a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock in a moving bed hydroprocessing reactor is provided in which (a) hydrogen gas is dissolved in the liquid feedstock and (b) the mixture is flashed to remove and recover any light components, leaving a hydrogen-enriched feedstock. A homogeneous and/or heterogeneous catalyst is added to the feedstock upstream of the moving bed hydroprocessing rector.

For the shipping industry, these fuels provide solutions to long outstanding technical problems that heretofore hindered supply of low sulfur marine fuels in quantities needed to meet worldwide sulfur reduction goals. Marine shipping use of high sulfur bunker oils is reported as largest source of world-wide transportation SOx emissions. When ships on the open seas burn cheap low grade heavy bunker oils high in sulfur, nitrogen and metals, the SOx, NOx, and metal oxides go to the environment. This invention converts essentially all of each barrel of crude feed to a single ultraclean fuel versus conventional refining where crude feed is cut into many pieces, and each piece is sent down a separate market path meeting various different product specifications. When in port, ships can use these fuels to generate and sell electricity to land based electrical grids to offset fuel cost in an environment-friendly manner.

The process and apparatus enables purification of a recycle hydrogen gas stream from hydroprocessing biorenewable feedstocks. The recycle gas stream is fed to a methanator reactor to hydrogenate carbon monoxide in the gas stream to water and methane. Other acid gases can be removed by scrubbing preferably upstream of the methanator. Removal of carbon monoxide omits the need for a hydrogen purge stream to avoid carbon monoxide accumulation and enables use of the hydrogen for a downstream hydroisomerization reaction.

A process and system for treating a hydroprocessing unit effluent gas stream for recycling includes introducing the effluent gas stream into a hydrogen purification zone and recovering a hydrogen-rich gas stream and a liquid stream containing a mixture that includes C1 to C4 hydrocarbons and H.sub.2S which is then mixed with an oxidant and fed to an oxidation unit containing catalyst for conversion of the H.sub.2S to elemental sulfur vapors that is separated for recovery of the elemental sulfur, and recovering a sweetened mixture that includes C1 to C4 hydrocarbons. Alternatively, the hydroprocessing unit effluent gas stream containing H.sub.2S is cooled, contacted with a solvent to absorb the C1 to C4 hydrocarbons and H.sub.2S, with the hydrogen-rich stream being recovered for recycling to the hydroprocessing unit, and the rich liquid solvent being flashed to produce a lean solvent stream for recycling to the adsorption zone and a mixed gas stream that includes the C1 to C4 hydrocarbons and H.sub.2S that is passed to an oxidation zone and is reacted with an oxidant in the presence of a catalyst to complete the process as described above for the recovery of elemental sulfur and a mixture that includes the sweetened C1 to C4 hydrocarbons.