Provided is a reformate hydrotreatment method, the method comprising: under liquid phase hydrotreatment conditions, bringing the reformate and a catalyst having a catalytic hydrogenation effect into contact in a hydrogenation reactor, the hydrogen used in the hydrotreating process at least partially coming from the hydrogen dissolved in the reformate. According to the method of the present invention, the reformate separated from a reformate products separating tank can directly undergo liquid phase hydrotreatment; therefore not only can the hydrogen dissolved in the reformate be fully utilized, but the olefins in the reformate can also be removed, while eliminate the requirements for recycle hydrogen and a recycle device thereof. The reformate obtained by the method of the present invention reduces the bromine index to below 50 mgBr.sub.2/100 g, and has an arene loss of less than 0.5 wt %.

Processes for upgrading resid hydrocarbon feeds are disclosed. The upgrading processes may include: hydrocracking a resid in a first reaction stage to form a first stage effluent; hydrocracking a deasphalted oil fraction in a second reaction stage to form a second stage effluent; fractionating the first stage effluent and the second stage effluent to recover at least one distillate hydrocarbon fraction and a resid hydrocarbon fraction; feeding the resid hydrocarbon fraction to a solvent deasphalting unit to provide an asphaltene fraction and the deasphalted oil fraction.

A process and system for upgrading an organic feedstock including providing an organic feedstock and water mixture, feeding the mixture into a high-rate, hydrothermal reactor, wherein the mixture is rapidly heated, subjected to heat, pressure, and turbulent flow, maintaining the heat and pressure of the mixture for a residence time of less than three minutes to cause the organic components of the mixture to undergo conversion reactions resulting in increased yields of distillate fuels, higher-quality kerosene and diesel fuels, and the formation of high octane naphtha compounds. Hydrocarbon products are cooled at a rate sufficient to inhibit additional reaction and recover of process heat, and depressurizing the hydrocarbon products, and separating the hydrocarbon products for further processing. The process and system can include devices to convert olefinic hydrocarbons into paraffinic hydrocarbons and convert olefinic byproduct gas to additional high-octane naphtha and/or heavier hydrocarbons by one of hydrogenation, alkylation, or oligomerization.

A method for treating an offgas produced in the processing of a renewable feedstock, includes hydrotreating a renewable feedstock to produce an effluent having a hydrotreated liquid and a vapour phase. The effluent vapour phase contains hydrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide. The effluent is separated into a liquid stream and an offgas streams. The offgas stream, containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide is directed to abiological desulfurization unit where a majority of the hydrogen sulphide is converted to elemental sulphur and a CO2-rich gas stream is produced.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to two improved catalysts and associated processes that directly convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen to liquid fuels. A catalytic system comprises two catalysts in series that are operated in tandem to directly produce synthetic liquid fuels. The carbon conversion efficiency for CO.sub.2 to liquid fuels is greater than 45%. The fuel is distilled into a premium diesel fuels (approximately 70 volume %) and naphtha (approximately 30 volume %) which are used directly as drop-in fuels without requiring any further processing. Any light hydrocarbons that are present with the carbon dioxide are also converted directly to fuels. This process is directly applicable to the conversion of CO.sub.2 collected from ethanol plants, cement plants, power plants, biogas, carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixtures from secondary oil recovery, and other carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon streams. The catalyst system is durable, efficient and maintains a relatively constant level of fuel productivity over long periods of time without requiring re-activation or replacement.

A process and system for integrating a steam cracking unit with a blue hydrogen unit in which a methane-rich gas stream, a hydrogen-rich gas stream, or both from the steam cracking unit are fed to the blue hydrogen unit and a high purity hydrogen gas stream from the blue hydrogen unit is directed to the steam cracking unit.

A process and system to integrate a steam cracking unit with a blue ammonia unit such that a methane-rich gas stream and/or a hydrogen-rich gas stream is directed from the steam cracking unit to the blue ammonia unit while a hydrogen gas containing stream is directed from the blue ammonia unit to the steam cracking unit.

A method of extending the catalyst life of a hydrogenolysis catalyst activity in the presence of biomass and aqueous solution is described. Lignocellulosic biomass solids and aqueous solution is provided to in a hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of a digestive solvent, and a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing (a) sulfur, (b) Mo or W, and (c) Co, Ni or mixture thereof, incorporated into a solid metal oxide support. The lignocellulosic biomass solids in the hydrothermal digestion unit is heated to a temperature in the range of 180 C. to less than 300 C. in the presence of digestive solvent, hydrogen, and in the range of 0.15 wt. % to 12.5 wt. %, based on catalyst, of H.sub.2S or H.sub.2S source at least partially soluble in aqueous solution, and the supported hydrogenolysis catalyst forming a product solution containing plurality of oxygenated hydrocarbons, the hydrothermal digestion unit maintaining protective sulfur concentration.

A process for producing hydrocarbons is disclosed in which a first feed substream and a second feed substream are obtained from a hydrocarbonaceous feed stream, of which the first feed substream is converted by means of partial oxidation or autothermal reforming to a first synthesis gas stream and the second feed substream is converted by means of steam reforming to a second synthesis gas stream and subsequently combined with the first synthesis gas stream to give a third synthesis gas stream, of which at least a first portion is converted by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to a crude product stream comprising hydrocarbons of different chain lengths, from which light hydrocarbons are separated in a tail gas, in order to recycle them and use them in the partial oxidation or autothermal reforming. The characteristic feature here is that unsaturated hydrocarbons are separated from at least a portion of the tail gas.

Novel liquid-full process for improving cold flow properties and increasing yield of middle distillate fuel feedstock by hydrotreating and dewaxing the feedstock in liquid-full reactors.