A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stochiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10,000 barrels of product per day, by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources.

A process to react an oxygen containing regenerated catalyst stream prior to use in a fluidized bed reactor comprising providing a regenerated catalyst stream which comprises at least 0.001 wt % oxygen; reacting the regenerated catalyst stream with a fuel source thereby forming oxides and reducing the amount of oxygen in the regenerated catalyst stream to produce a usable regenerated catalyst stream; and injecting the usable regenerated catalyst stream into a hydrocarbon fluidized bed reactor is provided.

The invention involves an integrated process in which a hydrocarbon feedstock is treated with a caustic (alkaline) extraction to remove sulfides, disulfides, and mercaptans. These extracted materials are further treated, and are then used to activate hydrotreating catalysts.

The present invention discloses a catalyst and process for hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbon oils having majority portion boiling above 525? C. in the presence of hydrogen. A process comprising first step of converting heavy oil into lighter products in the presence of catalyst and hydrogen in slurry phase is disclosed. The process further comprises recycling of part of liquid products (HVGO) along with fresh heavy oil for improving the product selectivity. This recycled HVGO is having high concentrations of aromatics compounds. The separation of particles generated during the reaction at reactor exit also avoids the chances of choking of downstream sections.

Systems and methods are provided for activation of noble metal catalysts that are supported on siliceous supports. The activation method can include limiting the amount of water vapor pressure and/or the time of exposure to the water vapor pressure during heating of the catalyst at temperatures of 50 C. or less. This can be achieved by introducing heated gas into multiple reactors of a multi-reactor system at the same time. A suitable system for introducing heated gas into multiple reactors can correspond to a system with multiple heated hydrogen lines for delivery of heated hydrogen to a plurality of reactors within a multi-reactor system.

A process for hydrotreating a feed stream comprising a biorenewable feedstock is disclosed. The process comprises hydrotreating the feed stream in the presence of a hydrotreating hydrogen stream and a hydrotreating catalyst to provide a hydrotreated stream. The hydrotreated stream is separated into a hydrotreated liquid stream and a hydrotreated gas stream. The hydrotreated liquid stream is subjected to stripping to provide a stripper off-gas stream. At least a portion of the stripper off-gas stream is contacted with a caustic stream to provide a sulfur-lean gas stream and a sulfur-rich caustic stream. The sulfur-rich caustic stream is further treated to provide a treated gas stream.

A process for the synthesis of linear paraffinic hydrocarbons from a feed of carbon monoxide and dihydrogen in the presence of a catalyst of a mesoporous oxide matrix and a content by weight of the element cobalt of 0.5% to 60%, wherein the catalyst is prepared by a) mixing, in an aqueous or hydro-organic solvent, a molecular precursor containing cobalt and a molecular precursor of the mesoporous oxide matrix containing element X of silicon, aluminium, titanium, zirconium and or cerium; b) aerosol spray drying the mixture to form spherical liquid droplets; c) drying to obtain solid particles at a temperature of 10 C. to 300 C.; d) activation by a reduction treatment to form nanoparticles of cobalt with an oxidation state of 0.

Supercritical upgrading reactors and reactor systems for upgrading a petroleum-based compositions comprising one or more catalyst layers and, in some embodiments, one or more purging fluid inlets, where one or more catalyst layers at least partially sift and convert heavy hydrocarbon fractions to light hydrocarbon fractions to produce an upgraded supercritical reactor product. In some embodiments, upgrading reactor systems comprise one or more supercritical upgrading reactors and one or more supercritical standby reactors alternating functions such that a supercritical upgrading reactor is converted to a supercritical standby reactor and the supercritical standby reactor is converted to a supercritical upgrading reactor, where the supercritical upgrading reactor upgrades a combined feed stream while a supercritical standby reactor delivers a cleaning fluid into the supercritical standby reactor.

A system and method for preparing and conditioning a heavy oil feedstock for hydroprocessing in a hydroprocessing system includes forming metal sulfide catalyst particles in situ within the heavy oil feedstock. The metal sulfide catalyst particles are formed in situ by (1) premixing a catalyst precursor with a hydrocarbon diluent to form a diluted precursor mixture, (2) mixing the diluted precursor mixture with the heavy oil feedstock to form a conditioned feedstock, and (3) heating the conditioned feedstock to decompose the catalyst precursor and cause or allow metal from the precursor to react with sulfur in the heavy oil feedstock to form metal sulfide catalyst particles in situ in the heavy oil feedstock. The in situ formed metal sulfide catalyst particles catalyze beneficial upgrading reactions between the heavy oil feedstock and hydrogen and eliminates or reduces formation of coke precursors and sediment.

The present invention relates to a slurry hydroconversion process of a heavy oil feedstock (101) comprising: (a) preparing a conditioned feedstock (103) by mixing said feedstock with a catalyst precursor formulation (104) so that a colloidal or molecular catalyst is formed when it reacts with sulfur, said catalyst precursor formulation (104) comprising a catalyst precursor composition (105) comprising Mo, an organic additive (102) comprising a carboxylic acid function and/or an ester function and/or an acid anhydride function, and a molar ratio organic additive (102)/Mo from formulation (4) ranging between 0.1:1 and 20:1; (b) heating said conditioned feedstock; (c) introducing the heated conditioned feedstock (106) into at least one slurry bed reactor and operating said reactor in the presence of hydrogen and at hydroconversion conditions to produce an upgraded material (107), the colloidal or molecular catalyst being formed during step (b) and/or (c).