Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and compositions for providing catalysts for tail gas clean up in sulfur recovery operations. Aspects of the disclosure involve obtaining catalyst that was used in a first process, which is not a tailgas treating process and then using the so-obtained catalyst in a tailgas treating process. For example, the catalyst may originally be a hydroprocessing catalyst. A beneficial aspect of the disclosed methods and systems is that the re-use of spent hydroprocessing catalyst reduces hazardous waste generation by operators from spent catalyst disposal. Ultimately, this helps reduce the environmental impact of the catalyst life cycle. The disclosed methods and systems also provide an economically attractive source of high-performance catalyst for tailgas treatment, which benefits the spent catalyst generator, the catalyst provider, and the catalyst consumer.

This disclosure relates to a procedure, which through the application of a catalyst in homogeneous phase, allows the transformation of heavy hydrocarbons (vacuum residue, atmospheric residue, heavy and extra-heavy crudes) into hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight, characterized because after its application, the hydrocarbons obtain greater API gravity, lower kinematic viscosity and different composition by hydrocarbon families (SARA) that increases the proportion of saturated and aromatic resins and asphalts. The sulphur and nitrogen content is also reduced, resulting in higher yields to high commercial value distillates and a lighter product as compared to the original crude.

The present disclosure relates generally to processes and systems for producing liquid transportation fuels by converting a feed stream that comprises both isopentane and n-pentane, and optionally, some C6+ hydrocarbons. Isopentane and smaller hydrocarbons are separated to form a first fraction while n-pentane and larger components of the feed stock form a second fraction. Each fraction is then catalytically-activated in a separate reaction zone with a separate catalyst, where the conditions maintained in each zone maximize the conversion of each fraction to olefins and aromatics, while minimizing the production of C1-C4 light paraffins. In certain embodiments, the first fraction is activated at a lower temperature than the second fraction. Certain embodiments additionally comprise mixing at least a portion of the two effluents and contacting with an alkylation catalyst to provide enhanced yields of mono-alkylated aromatics that are suitable for use as a blend component of liquid transportation fuels or other value-added chemical products.

A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stochiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10,000 barrels of product per day, by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources.

Supercritical upgrading reactors and reactor systems are provided for upgrading a petroleum-based composition using one or more purging fluid inlets to prevent plugging of the catalyst layer in the reactor. Processes for upgrading petroleum-based compositions by utilizing a reactor having at least one purging fluid inlet are also provided.

A process to react an oxygen containing regenerated catalyst stream prior to use in a fluidized bed reactor comprising providing a regenerated catalyst stream which comprises at least 0.001 wt % oxygen; reacting the regenerated catalyst stream with a fuel source thereby forming oxides and reducing the amount of oxygen in the regenerated catalyst stream to produce a usable regenerated catalyst stream; and injecting the usable regenerated catalyst stream into a hydrocarbon fluidized bed reactor is provided.

A process for the synthesis of linear paraffinic hydrocarbons from a feed of carbon monoxide and dihydrogen in the presence of a catalyst of a mesoporous oxide matrix and a content by weight of the element cobalt of 0.5% to 60%, wherein the catalyst is prepared by a) mixing, in an aqueous or hydro-organic solvent, a molecular precursor containing cobalt and a molecular precursor of the mesoporous oxide matrix containing element X of silicon, aluminium, titanium, zirconium and or cerium; b) aerosol spray drying the mixture to form spherical liquid droplets; c) drying to obtain solid particles at a temperature of 10 C. to 300 C.; d) activation by a reduction treatment to form nanoparticles of cobalt with an oxidation state of 0.

Supercritical upgrading reactors and reactor systems are provided for upgrading a petroleum-based composition using one or more purging fluid inlets to prevent plugging of the catalyst layer in the reactor. Processes for upgrading petroleum-based compositions by utilizing a reactor having at least one purging fluid inlet are also provided.

Provided herein are supercritical upgrading reactors and reactor systems for upgrading a petroleum-based composition by using one or more supercritical upgrading reactors and one or more supercritical standby reactors that alternate functions such that the supercritical upgrading reactor is converted to a supercritical standby reactor and the supercritical standby reactor is converted to a supercritical upgrading reactor. The supercritical upgrading reactor upgrades a combined feed stream while a supercritical standby reactor delivers a cleaning fluid into the supercritical standby reactor. The supercritical reactors may have one or more catalyst layers and one or more purging fluid inlets, and the catalyst layers may have differing void volume ratios.

A process for catalytic production of olefins comprises contacting a first hydrocarbon stream and a first stream of fluid catalyst in a first riser to produce a first cracked product stream and a spent catalyst stream. The first cracked product stream is separated in a main column. An overhead stream from the main column is separated into a second hydrocarbon stream. The second hydrocarbon stream is contacted with a second stream of fluid catalyst in a second riser to produce a second cracked product stream and a first stream of cool catalyst. A third hydrocarbon stream is obtained from the overhead stream and/or from the second cracked product stream. The third hydrocarbon stream is contacted with a third stream of fluid catalyst in a third riser to produce a third cracked product stream and a second stream of cool catalyst.