Methods for operating a system having two downflow high-severity FCC units for producing products from a hydrocarbon feed includes introducing the hydrocarbon feed to a feed separator and separating it into a lesser boiling point fraction and a greater boiling point fraction. The greater boiling point fraction is passed to the first FCC unit and cracked in the presence of a first catalyst at 500 C. to 700 C. to produce a first cracking reaction product and a spent first catalyst. The lesser boiling point fraction is passed to the second FCC unit and cracked in the presence of a second catalyst at 500 C. to 700 C. to produce a second cracking reaction product and a spent second catalyst. At least a portion of the spent first catalyst or the spent second catalyst is passed back to the first FCC unit, the second FCC unit or both.

Methods and systems for using temperature measurements taken from a compact insulated skin thermowell to optimize a pyrolysis reaction are provided. In the present systems and methods, the upstream temperature and the upstream pressure of a pyrolysis reactor is measured through an adiabatic restriction in the inlet manifold of a parallel tube assembly to provide an absolute upstream temperature and an upstream pressure. The downstream temperature of the pyrolysis reactor is also measured following an adiabatic restriction to provide an absolute downstream temperature. The downstream pressure is then determined by multiplying the absolute upstream pressure with the quotient of the downstream temperature divided by the upstream temperature as taken to the power of k/k1, where k is the ratio of fluid specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) to fluid specific heat at constant volume (Cv).

A process for combusting coke from catalyst in partial burn mode is disclosed. The regenerator comprises two chambers. The bulk of the combustion is performed in a first chamber. Disengagement of the catalyst from gas is conducted in the second chamber. Heated gas with a low fraction of oxygen fluidizes catalyst in the second chamber.

A heavy hydrocarbon oil is mixed with one or more disulfide oil compounds and/or one or more oxidized disulfide oil compounds and, optionally, a homogeneous catalyst includes dissolved hydrogen, and the mixture is subjected to a delayed coking process to produce a liquid coking unit product stream for recovery and further processing, with the delayed coking being completed in a reduced residence time as compared to the delayed coking of the heavy hydrocarbon oil without the DSO and/or ODSO compounds.

Systems and methods for enhancing the processing of hydrocarbons in a FCC unit by introduction of the coked FCC catalyst from the FCC reactor and a renewable feedstock to the FCC regenerator to facilitate regeneration of the coked FCC catalyst. The renewable feedstock can contain biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and coke from the coked FCC catalyst are oxidized by oxygen to provide a regenerated catalyst that is recycled to the FCC reactor.

Process for the conversion of oxygenates to C.sub.5+ hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range, comprising the steps of continuously a) providing one or more feed streams of one or more oxygenate compounds; b) heating the one or more feed streams to an inlet temperature of one or more downstream conversion reactors; c) introducing the one or more heated feed stream into inlet of the one or more conversion reactors; d) converting in the one or more conversion reactors the one or more heated feed stream in presence of catalyst to a converted oxygenate product comprising C.sub.5+ hydrocarbons; e) withdrawing from the one or more conversion reactors the converted oxygenate product; f) determining at outlet of the one or more conversion reactors amount of the one or more unconverted oxygenate compounds in the withdrawn converted oxygenate product; g) separating the converted oxygenate product into a C.sub.4 hydrocarbon fraction, a fraction with the C.sub.5+ hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range and a fraction comprising water and the one or more unconverted oxygenate compounds, wherein the inlet temperature of the one or more feed streams in step b is continuously adjusted to maintain a constant amount of the one or more unconverted oxygenate compounds as determined in step f.

A system for separating first reactor effluent product by means of an intermediate separator, and sending the unconverted slurry material from the separator to further reactors. Such intermediate separation decreases the required size of downstream reactors.

The present invention discloses a process and an apparatus for conversion of waste plastic pyrolysis oil into value added products, wherein, the pyrolysis oil is produced from waste plastics by utilizing HCGO as a preheating stream. The process and apparatus as disclosed improves the conventional DCU process in terms of liquid, gaseous yields and reduction in coke yields and without disturbing the hardware of the conventional process along with energy efficient production of pyrolysis oil. The present process and apparatus include a delayed coking process and a system for the delayed coking process which involves the integration of delayed coking system with pyrolysis section and utilization of produced pyrolysis oil by co-processing it with residual heavy hydrocarbon feedstock.

The present invention provides a steam reforming process for heavy oil or hydrocarbons using a circulating fluidized bed reactor, the process having a reforming step and a regeneration step, wherein the reforming step and the regeneration step comprise a fluidized reactor containing a fluidizable nickel-containing reforming catalyst and produce hydrogen as a product of the reforming bed. The invention produces high purity hydrogen in the synthesis gas product stream and avoids irreversible fouling on the catalyst.

This disclosure relates to a procedure, which through the application of a catalyst in homogeneous phase, allows the transformation of heavy hydrocarbons (vacuum residue, atmospheric residue, heavy and extra-heavy crudes) into hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight, characterized because after its application, the hydrocarbons obtain greater API gravity, lower kinematic viscosity and different composition by hydrocarbon families (SARA) that increases the proportion of saturated and aromatic resins and asphalts. The sulphur and nitrogen content is also reduced, resulting in higher yields to high commercial value distillates and a lighter product as compared to the original crude.