Process for the conversion of oxygenates to C.sub.5+ hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range, comprising the steps of continuously a) providing one or more feed streams of one or more oxygenate compounds; b) heating the one or more feed streams to an inlet temperature of one or more downstream conversion reactors; c) introducing the one or more heated feed stream into inlet of the one or more conversion reactors; d) converting in the one or more conversion reactors the one or more heated feed stream in presence of catalyst to a converted oxygenate product comprising C.sub.5+ hydrocarbons; e) withdrawing from the one or more conversion reactors the converted oxygenate product; f) determining at outlet of the one or more conversion reactors amount of the one or more unconverted oxygenate compounds in the withdrawn converted oxygenate product; g) separating the converted oxygenate product into a C.sub.4 hydrocarbon fraction, a fraction with the C.sub.5+ hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range and a fraction comprising water and the one or more unconverted oxygenate compounds, wherein the inlet temperature of the one or more feed streams in step b is continuously adjusted to maintain a constant amount of the one or more unconverted oxygenate compounds as determined in step f.

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.

Methods for operating a system having two downflow high-severity FCC units for producing products from a hydrocarbon feed includes introducing the hydrocarbon feed to a feed separator and separating it into a lesser boiling point fraction and a greater boiling point fraction. The greater boiling point fraction is passed to the first FCC unit and cracked in the presence of a first catalyst at 500 C. to 700 C. to produce a first cracking reaction product and a spent first catalyst. The lesser boiling point fraction is passed to the second FCC unit and cracked in the presence of a second catalyst at 500 C. to 700 C. to produce a second cracking reaction product and a spent second catalyst. At least a portion of the spent first catalyst or the spent second catalyst is passed back to the first FCC unit, the second FCC unit or both.

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.

A process and apparatus provides alternative hydrotreating reactor trains for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon stream. One hydrotreating reactor train is smaller than the other and the smaller train comes on stream to allow replacement or regeneration of catalyst in the larger train. A sulfide system also sulfides the catalyst volume in the reactor train that is off stream to prepare it for renewed hydroprocessing of feed when back on stream. The process and apparatus can be used to keep hydroprocessing reactors on stream to continuously provide feed to an FCC unit which has a longer period before shut down.

The present invention relates to Delayed Coking of heavy petroleum residue producing petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products. The invented process utilizes a pre-cracking reactor for mild thermal cracking of the feedstock and intermediate multistage separation system before being subjected to higher severity thermal cracking in delayed coking process, resulting in reduction in overall coke yield.

Supplemental heat required to raise the temperature of a regenerated catalyst to the minimum required to promote the catalyzed reaction in an FCC unit is provided by introducing adsorbent material containing HPNA compounds and HPNA precursors with the coked catalyst into the FCC catalyst regeneration unit for combustion. The HPNA compounds and HPNA precursors can be adsorbed on either a carbonaceous adsorbent, such as activated carbon, that is completely combustible and generates no ash, or on fresh or coked FCC catalyst that is recovered from an HPNA adsorption column that has treated the bottoms from a hydrocracking unit to remove the HPNA compounds and their precursors.

The disclosure describes refinery processes and process units for suppressing the precipitation and deposition of heavy polynuclear aromatic (HPNA) compounds in a process unit of a refinery, by combining the effluent from a hydrocracking unit with an aromatic solvent stream. Certain costly HPNA treatment processes can be eliminated, downtime can be reduced, and overall distillate yield can be increased by suppressing HPNA precipitation. The aromatic bottomswhich are suitable solvents for this purposeof an aromatic recovery complex can be used in certain embodiments to dissolve HPNAs and suppress HPNA precipitation.