Systems and methods for producing light olefin(s) are disclosed. The method includes contacting a catalyst with a coke precursor to form a light olefin selective catalyst, and contacting the light olefin selective catalyst with a hydrocarbon feed under conditions sufficient to catalytically crack at least a portion of the hydrocarbon feed to form a products stream containing a light olefin, here the light olefin selective catalyst is more selective than the catalyst in catalyzing formation of the light olefin by the catalytic cracking of the hydrocarbon feed.

Methods and systems for using temperature measurements taken from a compact insulated skin thermowell to optimize a pyrolysis reaction are provided. In the present systems and methods, the upstream temperature and the upstream pressure of a pyrolysis reactor is measured through an adiabatic restriction in the inlet manifold of a parallel tube assembly to provide an absolute upstream temperature and an upstream pressure. The downstream temperature of the pyrolysis reactor is also measured following an adiabatic restriction to provide an absolute downstream temperature. The downstream pressure is then determined by multiplying the absolute upstream pressure with the quotient of the downstream temperature divided by the upstream temperature as taken to the power of k/k−1, where k is the ratio of fluid specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) to fluid specific heat at constant volume (Cv).

A process for power generation using a chemical looping combustion concept is integrated with heavy liquid fuel coking in a cracking reactor, and is configured such that petcoke deposits on metal oxide particles from the cracking reactor are used as fuel in the chemical looping combustion reaction. The process is also configured such that metal oxide particles provide the heat necessary for the cracking reaction to be initiated in the cracking reactor.

Disclosed is a process for the regeneration of an adsorber. For the regeneration a liquid stream (S2) is applied which is obtained by hydrogenation of a stream (S1) comprising at least one alkane and least one olefin. The stream (S2) comprises one alkane and a reduced amount of at least one olefin compared to the amount in the stream (S1). Then the stream (S2) is converted from the liquid into the gaseous phase and the adsorber is regenerated by contact with the gaseous stream (S2).

Methods and systems for producing a hydrocarbon are provided. The method can include cracking one or more C.sub.2-C.sub.10 hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst under conditions sufficient to produce an effluent containing ethylene, propylene, gasoline, and a coked-catalyst, wherein the catalyst includes a first catalytic component having an average pore size of less than 6.4 Å and a second catalytic component having an average pore size of 6.4 Å or more, separating the effluent to provide a recovered coked-catalyst and a cracked product; and regenerating the recovered coked-catalyst to produce heat and the catalyst.

Processes for oligomerizing olefins to produce diesel. The oligomerization zone temperature is controlled to counteract catalyst deactivation caused by coking, by contaminants such as cyclo C5 and/or cyclo C6 hydrocarbons, or both. The temperature is increased in increments to ensure that that the oligomerization zone is producing product at a target product yield with a target product quality, which may be measured by a product cetane number. The target product yield is at least 50 wt % and a target product cetane number may be at least 35.

The invention relates to method and plant for the production of high-octane gasolines from raw hydrocarbon fractions, fractions of gaseous olefins and oxygenates. A method has been proposed, wherein the feedstock component flow is supplied to a unit for supplying flows to be treated, into the reactor, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a zeolite-containing catalyst, high-octane gasoline is isolated by separation of the conversion product, while diverting simultaneously the reaction water and the exhaust gases. A reactor contains at least two reaction zones, between which there are further arranged means for mixing the reaction product from the previous reaction zone and the supplied oxygenates and olefin-containing feedstock, whereas using the unit for supplying flows there is supplied a flow oxygenates and olefin-containing feedstock and the flow of raw hydrocarbon fractions into the first reaction zone of the reactor, and the flow oxygenates and olefin-containing feedstock into the second reaction zone of the reactor.

A process and apparatus is disclosed for converting heavy hydrocarbon feed into lighter hydrocarbon products. The heavy hydrocarbon feed is slurried with a catalyst comprising iron oxide and alumina to form a heavy hydrocarbon slurry and hydrocracked to produce lighter hydrocarbons. The slurry hydrocracking reaction can be controlled by measuring the production of mesophase using X-ray diffraction. Upon a mesophase yield fraction reaching a predetermined level, reaction conditions should be moderated to avoid excessive coke production.

Devices and methods for preparing oxygen-containing liquid fuel by bio-oil catalytic conversion. A device includes a biomass fast thermal cracking system for preparing bio-oil, a bio-oil oil-water separating system for separating the bio-oil into oil phase bio-oil and water phase bio-oil that is output to an oil phase bio-oil chemical chain hydrogen production system, and a water phase bio-oil catalytic hydrogenation system. The hydrogen production system outputs produced hydrogen to the water phase bio-oil catalytic hydrogenation system to prepare a liquid fuel. A method includes the steps: thermally cracking the biomass to prepare bio-oil, separating the water phase and the oil phase, producing hydrogen from the oil phase bio-oil through a chemical chain method so as to provide a hydrogen source for the water phase bio-oil to carry out two-stage catalytic hydrogenation in a slurry bed, and separating and purifying the hydrogenated products to obtain an oxygen-containing liquid fuel.

This invention provides a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus and process for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock containing higher concentrations of Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR), metal impurities, etc into lighter products by employing two riser reactors in which the feed impurities are removed using an adsorbent in a first riser reactor and cracking a portion of first riser reactor liquid product in a second riser reactor to lighter products using the active catalyst thus eliminating the catalyst deactivation due to metal, impurities and FCC catalyst activity dilution effect to achieve a better conversion and higher catalyst longevity.